Cereal-legume intercropping stimulates straw decomposition and promotes soil organic carbon stability.

Increasing carbon (C) sequestration and stability in agricultural soils is a key strategy to mitigate climate change towards C neutrality. Crop diversification is an initiative to increase C sequestration in fields, but it is unclear how legume-based crop diversification impacts the functional components of soil organic carbon (SOC) in dryland, including the formation and transformation of particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). We investigated the decomposition of straw residues, the fate of photosynthesized C, as well as the formation of MAOC and POC fractions using an in situC labeling technique in the soybean-wheat intercropping, soybean-maize intercropping and their respective monocropping systems, with and without cover crops.

Enhanced fibrotic potential of COL1A1NR4A1 fibroblasts in ischemic heart revealed by transcriptional dynamics heterogeneity analysis at both bulk and single-cell levels.

Background: Fibroblasts in the fibrotic heart exhibit a heterogeneous biological behavior. The specific subsets of fibroblasts that contribute to progressive cardiac fibrosis remain unrevealed. Our aim is to identify the heart fibroblast (FB) subsets that most significantly promote fibrosis and the related critical genes as biomarkers for ischemic heart disease.

Chronic implantable flexible serpentine probe reveals impaired spatial coding of place cells in epilepsy.

The development of minimally invasive and reliable electrode probes for neural signal recording is crucial for advancing neuroscience and treating major brain disorders. Flexible neural probes offer superior long-term recording capabilities over traditional rigid probes. This study introduces a parylene-based serpentine electrode probe for stable, long-term neural monitoring.

Explicit relation between thin film chromatography and column chromatography conditions from statistics and machine learning.

In chemistry, empirical paradigms prevail, especially within the realm of chromatography, where the selection of separation conditions frequently relies on the chemist's experience. However, the underlying rationale for such experiential knowledge has not been established or analysed. This study explicitly elucidates how chemists use thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to determine column chromatography (CC) conditions, employing statistical analysis and machine learning techniques.

Locally repulsive coupling-induced tunable oscillations.

The precise amplitude and period of neuronal oscillations are crucial for the functioning of neuronal networks. We propose a chain model featuring a repulsive coupling at the first node, followed by attractive couplings at subsequent nodes. This model allows for the simultaneous regulation of both quantities.

Decoupled peak property learning for efficient and interpretable electronic circular dichroism spectrum prediction.

Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra contain key information about molecular chirality by discriminating the absolute configurations of chiral molecules, which is crucial in asymmetric organic synthesis and the drug industry. However, existing predictive approaches lack the consideration of ECD spectra owing to the data scarcity and the limited interpretability to achieve trustworthy prediction. Here we establish a large-scale dataset for chiral molecular ECD spectra and propose ECDFormer for accurate and interpretable ECD spectrum prediction.

An Automatic Deep-Radiomics Framework for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Stratification in Patients with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop an automatic deep-radiomics framework that diagnoses and stratifies prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1124 patients with histological results and PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL were enrolled from one public dataset and two local institutions. An nnUNet was trained for prostate masks, and a feature extraction module identified suspicious lesion masks.

The transcriptional repressor HEY2 regulates mitochondrial oxidative respiration to maintain cardiac homeostasis.

Energy deprivation and metabolic rewiring of cardiomyocytes are widely recognized hallmarks of heart failure. Here, we report that HEY2 (a Hairy/Enhancer-of-split-related transcriptional repressor) is upregulated in hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Induced Hey2 expression in zebrafish hearts or mammalian cardiomyocytes impairs mitochondrial respiration, accompanied by elevated ROS, resulting in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and heart failure.

Deep Learning-Driven Optimization of Antihypertensive Properties from Whey Protein Hydrolysates: A Multienzyme Approach.

This study utilized deep learning to optimize antihypertensive peptides from whey protein hydrolysate. Using the Large Language Models (LLMs), we identified an optimal multienzyme combination (MC5) with an ACE inhibition rate of 89.08% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, significantly higher than single-enzyme hydrolysis.

Four-Dimensional Data-Independent Acquisition-Based Proteomic Profiling Combined with Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Involvement of the Slym1-SlFHY3-CAB3C Module in Regulating Tomato Leaf Color.

In green plants, the chloroplast is responsible for light energy transition and organic assimilation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast development in horticultural crops remain unclear. Here, four-dimensional data-independent acquisition-based proteomic profiling identified 1,727 differentially expressed proteins between "Zhongshu 4" (ZS4) and () leaves, a considerable proportion of which were down-regulated chloroplast proteins.

L4 Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy in a Patient With Multiple Previous Revisions: A Case Report.

Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is a technically complex procedure that is effective at improving the sagittal profile in spinal deformity surgery. This case report describes a 64-year-old man with a history of ten previous spinal surgeries, including failed T10-pelvis posterior spinal fusion, undergoing revision with L4 PSO. The patient regained approximately 30° of lumbar lordosis.

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Inclusions Sequester GRP78 in a Bile Acid-Inducible Manner.

Background And Aims: The homozygous PiZ mutation (PIZZ genotype) constitutes the predominant cause of severe alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and leads to liver disease via hepatocellular AAT aggregation. We systematically analysed the composition of AAT aggregates and studied the impact of bile acids.

Methods: AAT inclusions were isolated from livers of PiZ overexpressing mice and PIZZ humans via fluorescence-activated and immunomagnetic sorting (FACS/MACS), while insoluble proteins were obtained via Triton-X extraction.

Brain structural damage networks at different stages of schizophrenia.

Background: Neuroimaging studies have documented brain structural changes in schizophrenia at different stages of the illness, including clinical high-risk (cHR), genetic high-risk (gHR), first-episode schizophrenia (FES), and chronic schizophrenia (ChS). There is growing awareness that neuropathological processes associated with a disease fail to map to a specific brain region but do map to a specific brain network. We sought to investigate brain structural damage networks across different stages of schizophrenia.

Seasonal Variations in Habitat Use are Associated With Food Availability Changes in Assamese Macaques () Inhabiting Limestone Forest.

Data on habitat use of wild animals facilitate conservation management and further our understanding of their environmental adaptations. We collected data on the habitat utilization of 16 groups of Assamese macaques () in the limestone forests in Guangxi, China, to explore the pattern and seasonality of habitat use of these macaques. Our results showed that cliffs were the most frequently used hill parts by the macaques, followed by flat zones, hillsides, and hilltops.

Aptamer modified CeCo MOF hybrid catalysts with multiple enzymatic activities for enhanced catalytic therapy of infected wounds.

Designing and inventing synergistic emerging antimicrobial strategies is critical for mitigating potential resistance to conventional antibiotics. This task is challenging because these antimicrobial agents should need to eliminate bacteria, slow oxidative stress in wounds, and be safe and nontoxic. Here, we report a highly safe antimicrobial nanocatalyst for bacterial scavenging through aptamer-synergistic multienzyme activity.

Two-way role of boron in microalgal-bacterial granular sludge: Enhanced signal communication for efficient metabolism.

Based on the crucial role of boron in the metabolism of algae and bacteria, this study aimed to investigate the effects of boron on microalgae-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) system. The addition of boron stimulated the secretion of autoinducer-2 to promote bacterial quorum sensing, which increased the extracellular polymeric substances production by more than 12.5 %.

Planting Enhances Soil Resistance to Microplastics: Evidence from Carbon Emissions and Dissolved Organic Matter Stability.

Microplastics (MPs) have become a global hotspot due to their widespread distribution in recent years. MPs frequently interact with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microbes, thereby influencing the carbon fate of soils. However, the role of plant presence in regulating MPs-mediated changes in the DOM and microbial structure remains unclear.

Silk fibroin aerogels with AIE-featured berberine and MXene for rapid hemostasis and efficient wound healing.

Rapid hemostasis and wound healing are crucial in emergency trauma situations for saving patients' lives. Traditional hemostatic materials often have drawbacks such as slow hemostasis and susceptibility to post-hemostasis bacterial infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced wound dressing materials that can provide both rapid hemostasis and antimicrobial properties.

Analysis of clinical characteristics in patients with diabetic foot ulcers undergoing amputation and establishment of a nomogram prediction model.

To assess the accuracy of a nomogram for predicting the risk of lower-extremity amputation (LEA) in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). We retrospectively analyzed data from 144 patients with DFUs at the Department of Orthopedics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, collected between January 2020 and December 2023. Univariate analysis determined primary predictive factors for amputation, followed by single and multifactor logistic regression analyses to indentify independent factors.

Super Astragalus polysaccharide in specific gut microbiota metabolism alleviates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced cognitive deficits mice.

Chronic stress affects intestinal microbiota. Astragaloside IV (AS), called super Astragalus polysaccharide, is a monomer component of traditional herbs Astragalus membranaceus which belongs to medicinal food homology (MFH), exerts a neuroprotection effect, but the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Intestinal flora is also involved in the biotransformation of the active ingredients of MFH species, thus affecting their physiological and pharmacological properties.

Full on-device manipulation of olefin metathesis for precise manufacturing.

Olefin metathesis, as a powerful metal-catalysed carbon-carbon bond-forming method, has achieved considerable progress in recent years. However, the complexity originating from multicomponent interactions has long impeded a complete mechanistic understanding of olefin metathesis, which hampers further optimization of the reaction. Here, we clarify both productive and hidden degenerate pathways of ring-closing metathesis by focusing on one individual catalyst, using a sensitive single-molecule electrical detection platform.

A rare prenylated isoflavone-quinone from the roots of .

In order to make more rational use of , a systematic separation from the roots of was performed in the current study. The investigation of chemical constituents resulted in the isolation of a rare prenylated isoflavone-quinone, fleminquinone A (), together with four known analogues (). Their structures were established by extensive physical and spectroscopic data analysis.

Lattice Strain Regulated by Hetero/Homo Atom Interface Merging on NiMo Nanocluster for High-Performance Hydrogen Production.

Lattice strain engineering represents a cutting-edge approach capable of delivering enhanced performance across various applications. The lattice strain can affect the performance of electrochemical catalysts by changing the binding energy between the surface-active sites and intermediates. In this work, lattice strain is regulated through a homo/heterogeneous atomic interface merging.