Exposure to parental interpartner conflict in adolescence predicts sleep problems in emerging adulthood.

Objectives: Parental interpartner conflict is a highly prevalent form of family risk that is stressful for adolescents with ramifications for their sleep. Multiple studies have demonstrated that adolescents from high-conflict homes are at risk for sleep problems. Building on this literature, we conducted novel analyses and investigated whether exposure to interpartner conflict in adolescence predicts sleep problems in the subsequent developmental period of emerging adulthood.

Patient Experiences With Blood Pressure Measurement Methods for Hypertension Diagnosis: Qualitative Findings From the BP-CHECK Study.

Background: Out-of-office blood pressure (BP) measurement is recommended when making a new hypertension diagnosis. In practice, however, hypertension is primarily diagnosed using clinic BP. The study objective was to understand patient attitudes about accuracy and patient-centeredness regarding hypertension diagnostic methods.

The legacy of harsh parenting: Enduring and sleeper effects on trajectories of externalizing and internalizing symptoms.

Guided by developmental models examining the legacy of childhood caregiving environments, we examined the longitudinal pattern of associations between harsh parenting and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms across late childhood to late adolescence. Participants included 199 youth (48.7% female, 65.

Parent-child boundary dissolution and children's psychological difficulties: A meta-analytic review.

Boundary dissolution has broadly been defined as the breakdown of boundaries and loss of psychological distinctiveness in the parent-child subsystem. Qualitative reviews have highlighted the developmental and clinical value of examining boundary dissolution as a multidimensional construct. Though prior work suggests patterns share minimal variance, research has yet to quantitatively synthesize the weighted effect of distinct patterns.

Untargeted metabolomics reveal signatures of a healthy lifestyle.

This cross-sectional study investigated differences in the plasma metabolome in two groups of adults that were of similar age but varied markedly in body composition and dietary and physical activity patterns. Study participants included 52 adults in the lifestyle group (LIFE) (28 males, 24 females) and 52 in the control group (CON) (27 males, 25 females). The results using an extensive untargeted ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) metabolomics analysis with 10,535 metabolite peaks identified 486 important metabolites (variable influence on projections scores of VIP ≥ 1) and 16 significantly enriched metabolic pathways that differentiated LIFE and CON groups.

"Notification! You May Have Cancer." Could Smartphones and Wearables Help Detect Cancer Early?

This viewpoint paper considers the authors' perspectives on the potential role of smartphones, wearables, and other technologies in the diagnosis of cancer. We believe that these technologies could be valuable additions in the pursuit of early cancer diagnosis, as they offer solutions to the timely detection of signals or symptoms and monitoring of subtle changes in behavior that may otherwise be missed. In addition to signal detection, technologies could assist symptom interpretation and guide and facilitate access to health care.

Trajectories of actigraphy-derived sleep duration, quality, and variability from childhood to adolescence: downstream effects on mental health.

Study Objectives: We examined growth trajectories of four actigraphy-derived sleep parameters (sleep minutes, sleep efficiency, and variability in sleep minutes and efficiency across a week of assessments) across childhood and adolescence and examined individual differences in trajectories according to participants' race/ethnicity and sex. We also assessed the predictive effect of growth trajectories of sleep parameters on growth trajectories of mental health outcomes and moderation by race and sex.

Method: Youth (N = 199, 49% female, 65% white, 32% black, 3% biracial) and their parents participated in five waves of data (M ages were 9, 10, 11, 17, and 18 across waves).

Developmental stasis, sensitivity, and disturbance: Linking concepts to analytic methods using impulsivity and alcohol use.

The goals of this article are to (a) describe and contrast conceptual characteristics of periods of developmental sensitivity, disturbance, and stasis, and (b) translate these concepts to testable analytic models with an example dataset. Although the concept of developmental sensitivity is widely known, the concepts of developmental stasis and disturbance have received less attention. We first define the concepts and their principles and then, using repeated measures data on impulsivity and alcohol use from adolescence to young adulthood, propose the dual latent change score (LCS) growth model as one analytic approach for evaluating evidence for key characteristics of these developmental concepts via examination of intraindividual time-varying associations.

Early, precise, and safe clinical evaluation of the pharmacodynamic effects of novel agents in the intact human tumor microenvironment.

Drug development is systemically inefficient. Research and development costs for novel therapeutics average hundreds of millions to billions of dollars, with the overall likelihood of approval estimated to be as low as 6.7% for oncology drugs.

A process model of parental executive functioning as a spillover mechanism linking interparental conflict and parenting difficulties across parenting domains.

There is a well-documented interdependency between destructive interparental conflict (IPC) and parenting difficulties (i.e., spillover effect), yet little is known about the mechanisms that "carry" spillover between IPC and parenting.

A profile of urban agricultural growers, organizations, their needs, and challenges in the Northeastern United States.

Urban agriculture is increasingly valued as a strategy for improving quality of life in cities, but urban growers face challenges and often lack coordinated support from governments and the agricultural industry. We surveyed urban growers through an online survey, primarily in the Northeastern United States, to develop a profile of growers and associated organizations, assess the current state of urban agriculture, and determine how universities could help meet their needs. A total of 394 respondents completed the survey and most urban growers were white (non-Hispanic) and younger than 45 years old.

A release of local subunit conformational heterogeneity underlies gating in a muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Synaptic receptors respond to neurotransmitters by opening an ion channel across the post-synaptic membrane to elicit a cellular response. Here we use recent Torpedo acetylcholine receptor structures and functional measurements to delineate a key feature underlying allosteric communication between the agonist-binding extracellular and channel-gating transmembrane domains. Extensive mutagenesis at this inter-domain interface re-affirms a critical energetically coupled role for the principal α subunit β1-β2 and M2-M3 loops, with agonist binding re-positioning a key β1-β2 glutamate/valine to facilitate the outward motions of a conserved M2-M3 proline to open the channel gate.

Relationship of Blood Pressure, Health Behaviors, and New Diagnosis and Control of Hypertension in the BP-CHECK Study.

Background: Undiagnosed hypertension and uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) are common and contribute to excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We examined whether BP control, changes in BP, and patient behaviors and attitudes were associated with a new hypertension diagnosis.

Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of 323 participants from BP-CHECK (Blood Pressure Checks for Diagnosing Hypertension), a randomized diagnostic study of BP measuring methods in adults without diagnosed hypertension with elevated BP recruited from 12 primary care clinics of an integrated health care system in Washington State during 2017 to 2019.

Sexes in sync: phenotypic plasticity, sexual selection and phenological synchrony between the sexes in a wild hibernator.

Desynchrony of phenological responses to climate change is a major concern for ecological communities. Potential uncoupling between one of the most fundamental divisions within populations, males and females, has not been well studied. To address this gap, we examined sex-specific plasticity in hibernation phenology in two populations of Columbian ground squirrels ().

Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Lithuania: a modelling study for 2000-2021.

The aim of the study was to estimate unrecorded alcohol consumption in Lithuania for the period 2000-2021 using an indirect method for modelling consumption based on official consumption data and indicators of alcohol-related harm. Methodology employed for estimating the unrecorded alcohol consumption was proposed by Norström and was based on the country's 2019 European Health Interview Survey and indicators of fully alcohol-attributable mortality. The proportion of unrecorded alcohol consumption was estimated as 8.

Healthy lifestyle linked to innate immunity and lipoprotein metabolism: a cross-sectional comparison using untargeted proteomics.

This study used untargeted proteomics to compare blood proteomic profiles in two groups of adults that differed widely in lifestyle habits. A total of 52 subjects in the lifestyle group (LIFE) (28 males, 24 females) and 52 in the control group (CON) (27 males, 25 females) participated in this cross-sectional study. Age, education level, marital status, and height did not differ significantly between LIFE and CON groups.

Is Hypertension Diagnostic Testing and Diagnosis Associated With Psychological Distress?

Background: Psychological impacts of hypertension diagnostic testing and new hypertension diagnoses are unclear.

Methods: BP-CHECK was a randomized diagnostic study conducted in 2017-2019 in an integrated healthcare system. Participants with no hypertension diagnosis or medications and elevated blood pressure (BP) were randomized to one of three diagnostic regimens: (i) Clinic, (ii) Home, or (iii) Kiosk.

Universal DNA methylation age across mammalian tissues.

Aging, often considered a result of random cellular damage, can be accurately estimated using DNA methylation profiles, the foundation of pan-tissue epigenetic clocks. Here, we demonstrate the development of universal pan-mammalian clocks, using 11,754 methylation arrays from our Mammalian Methylation Consortium, which encompass 59 tissue types across 185 mammalian species. These predictive models estimate mammalian tissue age with high accuracy (r > 0.

DNA methylation networks underlying mammalian traits.

Using DNA methylation profiles ( = 15,456) from 348 mammalian species, we constructed phyloepigenetic trees that bear marked similarities to traditional phylogenetic ones. Using unsupervised clustering across all samples, we identified 55 distinct cytosine modules, of which 30 are related to traits such as maximum life span, adult weight, age, sex, and human mortality risk. Maximum life span is associated with methylation levels in subclass homeobox genes and developmental processes and is potentially regulated by pluripotency transcription factors.

Early radial positional information in the cochlea is optimized by a precise linear BMP gradient and enhanced by SOX2.

Positional information encoded in signaling molecules is essential for early patterning in the prosensory domain of the developing cochlea. The sensory epithelium, the organ of Corti, contains an exquisite repeating pattern of hair cells and supporting cells. This requires precision in the morphogen signals that set the initial radial compartment boundaries, but this has not been investigated.

Association of Weight Loss in Ambulatory Care Settings With First Diagnosis of Lung Cancer in the US.

Importance: Lung cancer, the US's leading cause of cancer death, is often diagnosed following presentation to health care settings with symptoms, and many patients present with late-stage disease.

Objective: To investigate the association between weight loss and subsequent diagnosis of incident lung cancer in an ambulatory care population and to assess whether recorded weight change had higher odds of lung cancer diagnosis than objective measurements.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study included patients visiting a US academic medical center between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2019.