[A device for measuring nonuniformity of the dose field of ionizing radiation].

The authors describe a device for measuring the dose field in the beam section of ionizing radiation. The device consists of an immovable bench mark detector and the two detectors: a movable one and a photodiode placed on a tele- and separately movable carriage. The device affords defining the correspondence of radiation and light fields.

[Solar elements in the control of photon irradiation parameters in radiotherapy].

A study was made of the dosimetric characteristics of semiconductor detectors (on the basis of silicon with the p-i-n structure) and combined detectors (scintillation crystals based on CsJ/Tl combined with silicon detectors). The spectral characteristics of semiconductor and combined detectors are described. The results of levelling of hardness dependence by filtration and combination of detectors are presented; their isotropism is reviewed.

[Non-radiation control of dosimetric devices].

Three varieties of complete control over dosimetric devices are reviewed. In these devices, use is made of combined detectors consisting of scintillators and semi-conductors. The control is effected by means of scintillator illumination from a stabilized light source via an edge-lighted panel.

[Optimal conditions for irradiating central cancer of the lung using high-energy photon beams].

The authors describe optimum plans of irradiation of central lung cancer of patients with different stature in a restricted number of radiation directions and without such restrictions. The recommendations obtained are compared with routine methods of irradiation. The description of a single dose field by transformed curves of axial distribution, taking into account the heterogeneity of a medium, are used in computation.

[Calculation of dose fields of braking irradiation in heterogenic media by a method of the transformation of axial distribution].

Analysis of dose fields in a heterogeneous tissue equivalent medium has shown that dose distributions have radial symmetry and can be described by a curve of axial distribution with renormalization of maximum ionization depth. A method of the calculation of a dose field in a heterogeneous medium using the principle of radial symmetry is presented.

[A contact-free exposure meter for x-ray diagnostic equipment].

The paper describes a digital apparatus capable of measuring the duration of X-radiation within the range of 0.001-10.0 s with an error of 2%.

[Treatment of uterine cancer using braking radiation (25 MeV)].

The method of treatment of uterine cancer by the brake irradiation of 25 MeV betatron using original devices which promote forming therapeutic figured bunches is presented. The binding of the protective blocks with a special adjusting frame within the aperture of the diaphragm provided for low relative entering dose which is the advantage of high energy irradiation bunch. The use of the forming devices makes it possible to practice individual treatment and decrease the levels of irradiation doses for intact organs and tissues.

[Measurement of the radiation characteristics of roentgen diagnostic equipment].

Dosimetry systems for evaluating radiation parameters over the X-ray diagnostic range and for documenting patient exposure doses are analyzed. In the general case the hardware for recording the complete set of parameters is proposed, and simplified versions for particular problems are also given.

[Combined treatment of breast cancer using bremsstrahlung and electron radiation].

Combined therapy with accelerator high-energy radiations was applied to 116 patients with breast cancer, Stages II-III. At the beginning the patients received preoperative irradiation of the affected breast and ipsilateral axillary zone with braking irradiation at 25 MeV. The summary focal dose of 20 Gy was delivered with 5 daily fractions, 4 Gy each.

[Device for controlling the radiation parameters of therapeutic sources].

The unit is capable of providing the information on the man parameters of the radioactive sources, thus improving the reliability and accuracy when planning the treatment in radiotherapy.

[Device for forming the shaped brehmsstrahlung fields of the B5M25 betatron].

The betatron B5M25 bremsstrahlung is formed only by a rectangularly shaped diaphragm, which results in excessive irradiation of healthy tissues surrounding the pathological focus. An appliance in the form of an additional diaphragm with inserted shaped units (blocks) fastened to the proper betatron diaphragm and permitting formation of a dose field in conformity with the pathological focus outlines has been constructed. The design of the appliance helps avoid "contamination" of the bremsstrahlung beam with electrons and second generation Compton quanta.

[Cassette phantom with self-contained detectors for the control of the accelerator dosage field].

A magazine with autonomous detectors is proposed to exercize control over the betatron dose field. The number of detector and their disposition in the magazine are determined by the required volume of information. The magazine for detectors is an assembly of plexiglas plates.