Information and communications technology use to prevent and respond to sexual and gender-based violence in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence and gap map.

Background: The use of information and communications technologies (ICT) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) has increased significantly in the last several years, particularly in health, including related areas such as preventing and responding to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) against women and children. While the evidence for ICT effectiveness has grown significantly in the past 5 years in other aspects of health, it has not for effectiveness of using ICT for the prevention and response to SGBV against women and children in LMIC.

Objectives: The primary goal of this evidence and gap map (EGM) is to establish a baseline for the state of the evidence connected with the use of ICT for preventing and responding to SGBV against women and children in LMIC.

PROTOCOL: The use of information and communications technologies (ICT) for contributing to the prevention of, and response to, sexual and gender-based violence against women and children in lower- and middle-income countries: an evidence and gap map.

This is the protocol for the development of a Campbell Collaboration evidence and gaps map (EGM). The primary objective of this evidence and gap map (EGM) is to answer the following question: (1) What is the evidence connected with the use of information and communications technologies (ICT) for preventing and responding to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) against women and children in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC)? (a) the EGM will provide a structured and accessible contextual framework for research to stakeholders and policymakers in SGBV and ICT; (b) the EGM will identify gaps in the available ICT and SGBV evidence; (c) the EGM will identify clusters of evidence suitable for systematic review; and (d) the EGM will look for and build connections between related areas of research in ICT and SGBV. As part of identifying the evidence connected with the use of ICT for preventing and responding to SGBV we seek to answer the following questions based upon the available evidence: (a)Does the use of ICT prevent SGBV against women and children in LMIC?(b)How effective is ICT at improving access to quality services for SGBV survivors in LMIC?(c)Does the use of ICT contribute to effectively achieving intermediate outcomes that lead to the prevention of SGBV against women and children, and/or improving access for SGBV survivors to response services in LMIC?(d)What are the enabling factors associated with the implementation of ICT and SGBV interventions?

Utilizing an HIV community advisory board as an agent of community action and health promotion in a low-resource setting: a case-study from Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Introduction: Brazil's HIV burden has greatly increased over the past decade, especially for socially marginalized and vulnerable groups such as adolescents, women, and men who have sex with men. The reasoning for worsening HIV outcomes is complex, but ongoing economic and political crises have placed extreme operational and financial burdens on both the public health system and HIV-related civil society, affecting both treatment and prevention efforts and delivery.

Context: Community-based HIV-related health-promotion activities have continued in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, despite these setbacks.

Prevention literacy: community-based advocacy for access and ownership of the HIV prevention toolkit.

Introduction: Critical technological advances have yielded a toolkit of HIV prevention strategies. This literature review sought to provide contextual and historical reflection needed to bridge the conceptual gap between clinical efficacy and community effectiveness (i.e.

Transvenous cardiac pacing in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Despite widespread application of cardiac pacing to a wide variety of circumstances with minimal morbidity are remarkable success, the possible role of transvenous pacing in the acute setting of cardiac resuscitation has not been adequately evaluated. The authors report their experience with the use of transvenous pacemakers in 26 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Although electrical activity was induced by pacing in nearly one-third of those whose primary disturbance was asystole, electromechanical dissociation followed and survival was not improved.