A Protocol for the Inclusion of Minoritized Persons in Alzheimer Disease Research From the ADNI3 Diversity Taskforce.

Importance: Black or African American (hereinafter, Black) and Hispanic or Latino/a/x (hereinafter, Latinx) adults are disproportionally affected by Alzheimer disease, but most research studies do not enroll adequate numbers of both of these populations. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative-3 (ADNI3) launched a diversity taskforce to pilot a multipronged effort to increase the study inclusion of Black and Latinx older adults.

Objective: To describe and evaluate the culturally informed and community-engaged inclusion efforts to increase the screening and enrollment of Black and Latinx older adults in ADNI3.

Isolation and Characterization of Six Novel Phages.

Introduction: , a human and animal pathogen, is the primary etiologic agent of bovine liver abscesses and a driving factor for prophylactic antibiotic use in the fed cattle industry. Considering calls to reduce agricultural antibiotic use, we isolated phages capable of killing as an alternative or complementary biocontrol strategy.

Methods: Six novel phages (φFN37, φRTG5, φKSUM, φHugo, φPaco, and φBB) were isolated from rumen fluid or ruminal isolates and subjected to host range testing on both subspecies.

Trace detection of styphnate from pre- and post-blast samples by hydrophilic interaction chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

Rationale: Although ubiquitous in explosives and ammunition, few trace methods for detection of heavy metal-containing primary explosives from forensic samples are currently in practice.

Methods: Extracts of cotton swabs or direct sampling of items were cleaned up using solid-phase extraction to remove heavy metal contaminants (i.e.

Changes in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores in a Predominantly Black Cohort with HIV and Associated Comorbidities: A Preliminary Study.

Introduction: People with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared to non-PWH, but the reasons for this increased risk remain elusive. We investigated the change in ASCVD risk scores over 4 years to identify clinical factors associated with change in risk scores or high-risk scores.

Methods: We conducted a preliminary study using retrospective analysis of PWH, between 40 and 75 years old, seen at the Evelyn Jordan Center with at least two routine HIV visits.

Leveraging Real-World Data in Safety Signal Assessment.

Purpose: TransCelerate BioPharma surveyed its member biopharmaceutical companies to understand current practices and identify opportunities to complement safety signal assessment with rapid real-world data (RWD) analysis.

Methods: A voluntary 30-question questionnaire regarding the use of RWD in safety signal assessment was disseminated to subject matter experts at all TransCelerate member companies in July 2022. Responses were blinded, aggregated, summarized, and presented.

Workplace support for physicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Did it affect burnout?

Background: A concern before 2020, physician burnout worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little empirical data are available on pandemic workplace support interventions or their influence on burnout. We surveyed a national sample of frontline physicians on burnout and workplace support during the pandemic.

Development of a Prioritization Framework to Aid Healthcare Funding Decision Making in Health Technology Assessment in Australia: Application of Multicriteria Decision Analysis.

Objectives: This study develops a prioritization framework to aid healthcare funding decision making in health technology assessment (HTA) in Australia using a multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach.

Methods: MCDA frameworks for HTAs were reviewed through literature survey to identify the initial criteria and levels within each criterion. Key stakeholders and experts were consulted to confirm these criteria and levels.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in Soccer Players.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries to soccer players present unique challenges in sports medicine, given the sport's global prevalence and intricate injury dynamics. These injuries, especially in the youth and female demographic, have become a substantial concern in sports medicine. This review explores the epidemiology, mechanism of injury, diagnostic procedures, treatment modalities, and rehabilitation strategies related to ACL tears within the soccer community.

Insights into mycobacteriome composition in Mycobacterium bovis-infected African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) tissue samples.

Animal tuberculosis significantly challenges global health, agriculture, and wildlife conservation efforts. Mycobacterial cultures are resource-intensive, time-consuming, and challenged by heterogeneous populations. In this study, we employed a culture-independent approach, using targeted long-read-based next-generation sequencing (tNGS), to investigate the mycobacterial composition in 60 DNA samples extracted from Mycobacterium bovis infected culture-confirmed African buffalo tissue.

Automation preserves product consistency and quality for the formulation, fill, and finish of T cell-based therapies.

Scaling up the manufacture of cell therapies can be complex and challenging. Maintaining critical quality attributes of the cell product during its final formulation and fill-finish into multiple containers can be especially difficult and laborious. Here, we tested the automated Finia™ Fill and Finish System to efficiently scale up the formulation and fill-finish of a T cell product, and then assessed cell quality and product consistency across different sub-lots filled during this expanded process.

No- and low-alcohol beer and the sponsorship of sport in Australia: An audit of sponsorship partnerships and analysis of marketing tactics.

Introduction: Alcohol sponsorship of sport is associated with increased alcohol consumption. Little research to date has examined the sponsorship of sport by no- and low-alcohol (NoLo) beverage brands, despite concern that the marketing of these products might be harmful to young people. This study had dual aims: to identify sporting partnerships between NoLo beers and Australian sport, and examine marketing tactics used in social media advertising to promote these partnerships.

Physical activity initiated from midlife on risk of dementia and cognitive impairment: The Health and Retirement Study.

Background: Physical activity is associated with lower risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, but existing randomized controlled trials have shown conflicting results. As cognitive decline occurs decades before the onset of dementia, physical activity interventions initiated in late life may have missed the potential window for prevention. An ideal trial of physical activity initiated from midlife and lasts till incident dementia and cognitive impairment in late life is not feasible.

Extended Pharmacokinetics Improve Site-Specific Prodrug Activation Using Radiation.

Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat cancer, and localized energy deposited by radiotherapy has the potential to chemically uncage prodrugs; however, it has been challenging to demonstrate prodrug activation that is both sustained and truly localized to tumors without affecting off-target tissues. To address this, we developed a series of novel phenyl-azide-caged, radiation-activated chemotherapy drug-conjugates alongside a computational framework for understanding corresponding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) behaviors. We especially focused on an albumin-bound prodrug of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and found it blocked tumor growth in mice, delivered a 130-fold greater amount of activated drug to irradiated tumor versus unirradiated tissue, was 7.

Cortical Thickness Correlates of Go/No-go and Motor Sequencing in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Suspected Alzheimer Disease Dementia.

Background: While the cognitive hallmark of typical Alzheimer disease (AD) is impaired memory consolidation, increasing evidence suggests that the frontal lobes and associated executive functions are also impacted.

Objective: We examined two neurobehavioral executive function tasks and associations with cortical thickness in patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), suspected AD dementia, and a healthy control group.

Methods: First, we compared group performances on a go/no-go (GNG) task and on Luria's Fist-Edge-Palm (FEP) motor sequencing task.

Vitamin D Receptor Regulates the Expression of the Grainyhead-Like 1 Gene.

Vitamin D plays an important pleiotropic role in maintaining global homeostasis of the human body. Its functions go far beyond skeletal health, playing a crucial role in a plethora of cellular functions, as well as in extraskeletal health, ensuring the proper functioning of multiple human organs, including the skin. Genes from the Grainyhead-like () family code for transcription factors necessary for the development and maintenance of various epithelia.

Prion diseases motor and neuropsychiatric symptom cluster pharmacotherapy: structured scoping review.

Background: Prion diseases are a group of rare, neurodegenerative conditions that are invariably fatal and cause a variety of symptoms, which can prove challenging to control. Through this paper, we aim to review the current evidence regarding pharmacological management of neuropsychiatric and motor symptoms of prion disease as well as draw on experts' and relatives' experience, to evaluate the current evidence and provide recommendations moving forwards.

Methods: A scoping review of the literature for pharmacological management of symptoms was conducted using the systematic review tool, COVIDENCE, with searches conducted through four databases.

FOUND Trial: randomised controlled trial study protocol for case finding of obstructive sleep apnoea in primary care using a novel device.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common, but underdiagnosed, sleep disorder. If untreated, it leads to poor health outcomes, including Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Our aim is to determine the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of moving the testing for OSA into general practice and how general practitioner (GP)-based screening affects overall detection rates.

Associations of Resilience, Perceived Control of Health, and Depression with Geriatric Outcomes after Surgery.

Objective: To identify if depression, resilience, and perceived control of health are related to 2.5-year mortality and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) decline among older adults after surgery.

Summary Background Data: The relationships of psychosocial factors with postoperative mortality and IADL decline among older adults are understudied.

Multi-omic analysis reveals genes and proteins integral to bioactivity of Echinochrome A isolated from the waste stream of the sea urchin industry in Aotearoa New Zealand.

(commonly known as kina) is a sea urchin species endemic to New Zealand. Its roe is a culinary delicacy to the indigenous Māori and a globally exported food product. Echinochrome A (Ech A) is a bioactive compound isolated from the waste product of kina shells and spines; however, the molecular mechanisms of Ech A bioactivity are not well understood, partly due to Ech A never being studied using unbiased genome-wide analysis.

Neuropathologically directed profiling of PRNP somatic and germline variants in sporadic human prion disease.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), the most common human prion disease, is associated with pathologic misfolding of the prion protein (PrP), encoded by the PRNP gene. Of human prion disease cases, < 1% were transmitted by misfolded PrP, ~ 15% are inherited, and ~ 85% are sporadic (sCJD). While familial cases are inherited through germline mutations in PRNP, the cause of sCJD is unknown.

Factors Associated With Increased Health Care Utilization for Patients With Dementia With Lewy Bodies: A Narrative Review.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that dementia is associated with increased utilization of health care services, which in turn results in increased costs of care. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is associated with greater costs of care relative to other forms of dementia due to higher rates of hospitalization and nursing home placement directly related to neuropsychiatric symptoms, parkinsonism, increased susceptibility to delirium, and elevated rates of caregiver burden. There is a critical need for researchers to identify potentially modifiable factors contributing to increased costs of care and poor clinical outcomes for patients with DLB, which may include comorbidities, polypharmacy/contraindicated medications, and access to specialty care.