Inclusion of health equity language in recruitment materials for postgraduate pharmacy residencies.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Utilization of Cannabidiol in Post-Organ-Transplant Care.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the major phytochemical constituents of cannabis, , widely recognized for its therapeutic potential. While cannabis has been utilized for medicinal purposes since ancient times, its psychoactive and addictive properties led to its prohibition in 1937, with only the medical use being reauthorized in 1998. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD lacks psychoactive and addictive properties, yet the name that suggests its association with cannabis has significantly contributed to its public visibility.

Optimizing survey conditions for Burmese python detection and removal using community science data.

Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) have demonstrated prolific spread and low detectability within their invasive range in Florida, USA. Consequently, programs exist which incentivize contractors to remove pythons. While surveying, contractors collect data on search effort and python captures.

Daily associations between sleep and alcohol use among veterans: Acute and cumulative effects.

Background And Aims: Military veterans demonstrate high rates of heavy drinking and insomnia, but few if any studies have tested real-world, daily associations between sleep and alcohol use within this population. Moreover, although daily diary and experimental studies among civilians have found negative associations between alcohol use and sleep, these patterns change with consecutive days of drinking and may differ for those with insomnia. This study measured (a) acute and cumulative day-level associations between sleep and alcohol use among heavy-drinking US veterans and (b) the extent to which insomnia moderates these associations.

Localization of Cholecystokinin/Sulfakinin Neuropeptides in Biomphalaria glabrata, an Intermediate Host for Schistosomiasis.

Snails belonging to the genus Biomphalaria serve as obligatory intermediate hosts for the trematode Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent for the most widespread form of schistosomiasis. The simpler nervous systems of gastropod molluscs, such as Biomphalaria, provide advantageous models for investigating neural responses to infection at the cellular and network levels. The present study examined neuropeptides related to cholecystokinin (CCK), a major multifunctional regulator of central nervous system (CNS) function in mammals.

Self-reported experiences and perspectives on using psychedelics to manage opioid use among participants of two Reddit communities.

Background And Aims: The opioid crisis continues to exert a tremendous toll in North America, with existing interventions often falling short of addressing ongoing needs. Psychedelics are emerging as a possible alternative therapy for mental health and substance use disorders. This study aimed to gather insights on how people use or are considering using psychedelics to manage opioid use disorder (OUD), how these experiences are perceived to impact opioid use and what these lessons imply for future research and practice.

Light-dependent variations in fatty acid profiles and gene expression in Antarctic microalgal cultures.

Photosynthetic eukaryotic microalgae are key primary producers in the Antarctic sea ice environment. Anticipated changes in sea ice thickness and snow load due to climate change may cause substantial shifts in available light to these ice-associated organisms. This study used a laboratory-based experiment to investigate how light levels, simulating different sea ice and snow thicknesses, affect fatty acid (FA) composition in two ice associated microalgae species, the pennate diatom Nitzschia cf.

Sex Differences in the Striatal Contributions to Longitudinal Fine Motor Development in Autistic Children.

Background: Fine motor challenges are prevalent in autistic populations. However, little is known about their neurobiological underpinnings or how their related neural mechanisms are influenced by sex. The dorsal striatum, comprised of the caudate nucleus and putamen, is associated with motor learning and control and may hold critical information.

Virginia Memory Project: Using the Healthy Brain Initiative Roadmap to design a statewide dementia registry.

Introduction: The Virginia Memory Project (VMP) is a statewide epidemiological registry for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. It aims to support dementia research, policy, and care by leveraging the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Healthy Brain Initiative (HBI) Roadmap.

Methods: To capture comprehensive data, the VMP integrates self-enrollment and automatic enrollment using Virginia's All-Payer Claims Database (APCD).

The Impact of Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Health Outcomes in African Populations: A Scoping Review.

Background: Air pollution is a significant environmental risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but its impact on African populations is under-researched due to limited air quality data and health studies.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to synthesize available research on the effects of air pollution on CVDs outcomes in African populations, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest areas for research and policy intervention.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed was conducted using terms capturing criteria ambient air pollutants (for example particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and sulfur dioxide) and CVDs and countries in Africa.

Balance Changes in Adult Cancer Survivors Participating in a 16-Week Therapeutic Yoga Program.

Introduction: Balance problems arising from cancer and its treatments can significantly impact daily functionality and quality of life. Improving balance as part of a cancer treatment plan could result in better patient outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether an integrative therapeutic yoga intervention can improve balance in a heterogenous population of cancer survivors (CS).

[C]MK-6884 PET imaging reveals lower M muscarinic acetylcholine receptor availability following cocaine self-administration in male rats.

Background: Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) remains a significant problem in the United States, with high rates of relapse and no present FDA-approved treatment. The acetylcholine neurotransmitter system, specifically through modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) function, has shown promise as a therapeutic target for multiple aspects of CUD. Enhancement of the M mAChR subtype via positive allosteric modulation has been shown to inhibit the behavioral and neurochemical effects of cocaine across several rodent models of CUD.

Sleep quality and duration as predictors of alcohol and cannabis use motives in daily life.

Objective: Alcohol and cannabis are two of the most widely used substances in the United States, where sleep problems are also prominent. Although poor sleep is linked to substance use, little is known about how prior-night sleep contributes to next-day decisions to use substances in daily life. This study tested the impact of prior-night sleep duration and quality on momentary motives for alcohol (Aim 1) and cannabis use (Aim 2).

Expert consensus on the benefits of neuraminidase in conventional influenza vaccines: a Delphi study.

Background: Seasonal vaccination is the mainstay of human influenza prevention. Licensed influenza vaccines are regularly updated to account for viral mutations and antigenic drift and are standardised for their haemagglutinin content. However, vaccine effectiveness remains suboptimal.

TDP43 autoregulation gives rise to dominant negative isoforms that are tightly controlled by transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms.

The nuclear RNA-binding protein TDP43 is integrally involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Previous studies uncovered N-terminal TDP43 isoforms that are predominantly cytosolic in localization, prone to aggregation, and enriched in susceptible spinal motor neurons. In healthy cells, however, these shortened (s)TDP43 isoforms are difficult to detect in comparison to full-length (fl)TDP43, raising questions regarding their origin and selective regulation.

Long-term performance and stability of implanted neural interfaces in individuals with lower limb loss.

High-density nerve cuffs have been successfully utilized to restore somatosensation in individuals with lower-limb loss by interfacing directly with the peripheral nervous system. Elicited sensations via these devices have improved various functional outcomes, including standing balance, walking symmetry, and navigating complex terrains. Deploying neural interfaces in the lower limbs of individuals with limb loss presents unique challenges, particularly due to repetitive muscle contractions and the natural range of motion in the knee and hip joints for transtibial and transfemoral amputees, respectively.

The prevalence of obesity in children with CHD: what has changed over the past decade in Southwestern Ontario?

Objective: To assess the prevalence of obesity and investigate any changes in body mass index in children with CHD compared to age-matched healthy controls, in Southwestern Ontario.

Methods: The body mass index z-scores of 1259 children (aged 2-18) with CHD were compared with 2037 healthy controls. The body mass index z-scores of children who presented to our paediatric cardiology outpatient clinic from 2018 to 2021 were compared with previously collected data from 2008 to 2010.

Treatment of e-cigarette use among hospitalised adolescents and young adults: a protocol for intervention development and evaluation of preliminary efficacy and implementation outcomes in a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Hospitalisation represents an opportunity to identify and treat e-cigarette use among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Knowledge on how to provide this care is lacking. We aim to fill this gap by developing an e-cigarette use intervention and evaluating preliminary efficacy and implementation outcomes among hospitalised AYAs.

Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?

Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent-reported autism-related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent-reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non-Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.

Family voices from the bedside: National Audit of Care at the End of Life (England and Wales).

Introduction: The National Audit of Care at the End of Life reports the quality of care provided to people dying in hospital. This paper reports the bereavement (quality) survey data about the families' view of care provided to the patient and support provided to the family.

Methods: Anonymised summary data were retrieved from 'Key findings for patients and carers on the quality of end of life care in acute and community hospitals' reports 2019-2022 and the summary report 2018.

Concurrent myelomeningocele and sagittal craniosynostosis: illustrative case.

Background: Myelomeningocele and sagittal craniosynostosis are 2 neurosurgical pathologies with complications such as increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and hydrocephalus. While the 2 defects commonly occur independently, their simultaneous occurrence is exceptionally rare.

Observations: The authors report the case of a newborn male diagnosed with a simultaneous myelomeningocele and sagittal craniosynostosis.