Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences With Accelerated Epigenetic Aging in Midlife.

Importance: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the risk of poorer health, and identifying molecular mechanisms may lay the foundation for health promotion in people with ACEs.

Objective: To investigate the associations of ACEs with changes in epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), a biomarker associated with various health outcomes in middle-aged adults, in a population with balanced race and sex demographics.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Data for this cohort study were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Reward and Immune Systems in Emotion (RISE) prospective longitudinal study: Protocol overview of an integrative reward-inflammation model of first onset of major depression in adolescence.

Background: Depression is associated with a reduced sensitivity to rewards and low reward-related brain function in cortico-striatal circuitry. A separate literature documents elevated peripheral inflammation in depression. Recently, integrated reward-inflammation models of depression have been proposed.

Efficacy of pharmacological and mechanical cervical priming methods for induction of labour and their applicability for outpatient management: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Background: A systematic review to determine the efficacy and safety of prostaglandins (PG) and Foley catheter (FC) for cervical priming in the outpatient setting. Various methods are available to achieve cervical ripening prior to induction of labour (IOL). In this systematic review, we will report the literature to date, and investigate the efficacy and safety of using the Foley catheter balloon or prostaglandins for cervical ripening, comparing both methods with each other, and discuss the implications of these findings for midwifery led units.

Chondroitin 4--sulfation regulates hippocampal perineuronal nets and social memory.

Glycan alterations are associated with aging, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases, although the contributions of specific glycan structures to emotion and cognitive functions remain largely unknown. Here, we used a combination of chemistry and neurobiology to show that 4--sulfated chondroitin sulfate (CS) polysaccharides are critical regulators of perineuronal nets (PNNs) and synapse development in the mouse hippocampus, thereby affecting anxiety and cognitive abilities such as social memory. Brain-specific deletion of CS 4--sulfation in mice increased PNN densities in the area CA2 (cornu ammonis 2), leading to imbalanced excitatory-to-inhibitory synaptic ratios, reduced CREB activation, elevated anxiety, and social memory dysfunction.

Socioeconomic disadvantage and high-effort coping in childhood: evidence of skin-deep resilience.

Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a risk factor for poor outcomes across development. Recent evidence suggests that, although psychosocial resilience among youth living in low-SES households is common, such expressions of resilience may not extend to physical health. Questions remain about when these diverging mental and physical health trajectories emerge.

Patients' Perceived Level of Clinician Knowledge of Transgender Health Care, Self-rated Health, and Psychological Distress Among Transgender Adults.

Importance: Transgender, gender nonbinary, and genderqueer people are at increased risk for negative health outcomes, and medical school education is currently lacking on inclusion of these topics. However, there is little evidence of an association of clinician knowledge with the health of transgender people.

Objective: To evaluate the associations of patients' perceptions of clinician knowledge with self-rated health and severe psychological distress among transgender people.

The relationship between heart rate variability and TNM stage, co-morbidity, systemic inflammation and survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer.

High vagal nerve activity, reliability measured by HRV, is considered protective in cancer, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and opposing sympathetic nerve activity. The present monocentric study examines the relationship between HRV, TNM stage, co-morbidity, systemic inflammation and survival in patients who underwent potentially curative resections for colorectal cancer (CRC). Time-domain HRV measures, Standard Deviation of NN-intervals (SDNN) and Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), were examined as categorical (median) and continuous variables.

Floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) responses to nitrogen fertilization under field conditions in the high desert.

While most studies on floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) concur that additions of nitrogen (N) increase plant growth, the performance of floral hemp is heavily influenced by environmental conditions, management and cultivar selection. In regions with a short growing season, the availability of soil N may determine plant developmental rates, final inflorescence biomass and cannabinoid concentrations, but no studies have addressed this for field-grown hemp under high-desert conditions.

Exposure to violence and asthma in Puerto Rican youth with high Th2 immunity.

Background: Little is known about the determinants of asthma among youth with high T helper 2 (Th2) immunity. We hypothesized that exposure to violence (ETV) and violence-related distress are associated with asthma in children and adolescents with high Th2 immunity.

Methods: We analyzed data from Puerto Ricans with high Th2 immunity aged 9-20 years in the Puerto Rico Genetics of Asthma and Lifestyle (PR-GOAL) and the Epigenetic Variation of Childhood Asthma in Puerto Ricans (EVA-PR) studies, and in a prospective study (PROPRA).

The book history of Rona M. Fields's A Society on the Run (1973): A case study in the alleged suppression of psychological research on Northern Ireland.

The US psychologist Rona M. Field's book A Society on the Run (1973) offered a psychological account of the nature and effects of the Northern Irish Troubles at their peak in the early 1970s. The book was withdrawn shortly after publication by its publisher, Penguin Books Limited, and never reissued.

Endothelial Function in Youth With Bipolar Disorder: Preliminary Evidence for Mood Polarity Differences.

Bipolar disorder (BD) confers risk for accelerated atherosclerosis and early cardiovascular disease (CVD). In adults, mood symptom burden is associated with CVD. Here we examine endothelial dysfunction, considered an early predictor of CVD, in relation to mood states and symptoms among youth with BD.

Different microbial genera drive methane emissions in beef cattle fed with two extreme diets.

The ratio of forage to concentrate in cattle feeding has a major influence on the composition of the microbiota in the rumen and on the mass of methane produced. Using methane measurements and microbiota data from 26 cattle we aimed to investigate the relationships between microbial relative abundances and methane emissions, and identify potential biomarkers, in animals fed two extreme diets - a poor quality fresh cut grass diet (GRASS) or a high concentrate total mixed ration (TMR). Direct comparisons of the effects of such extreme diets on the composition of rumen microbiota have rarely been studied.

Exposomics as a tool to investigate differences in health and disease by sex and gender.

The health and disease of an individual is mediated by their genetics, a lifetime of environmental exposures, and interactions between the two. Genetic or biological sex, including chromosome composition and hormone expression, may influence both the types and frequency of environmental exposures an individual experiences, as well as the biological responses an individual has to those exposures. Gender identity, which can be associated with social behaviors such as expressions of self, may also mediate the types and frequency of exposures an individual experiences.

Developmental pyrethroid exposure causes a neurodevelopmental disorder phenotype in mice.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a widespread and growing public health challenge, affecting as many as 17% of children in the United States. Recent epidemiological studies have implicated ambient exposure to pyrethroid pesticides during pregnancy in the risk for NDDs in the unborn child. Using a litter-based, independent discovery-replication cohort design, we exposed mouse dams orally during pregnancy and lactation to the Environmental Protection Agency's reference pyrethroid, deltamethrin, at 3 mg/kg, a concentration well below the benchmark dose used for regulatory guidance.

Safety and tolerability of lumbar puncture for the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Lumbar puncture (LP) to collect and examine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important option for the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers but it is not routinely performed due to its invasiveness and link to adverse effects (AE).

Methods: We include all participants who received at least one LP in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Study. For comparison between groups, two-sample -tests for continuous, and Pearson's chi-square test for categorical variables were performed.

Early-Onset albuminuria and Associated Renal Pathology in Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 Knockout Rats.

Activating mutations of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 () gene are associated with Parkinson disease (PD), prompting development of LRRK2 inhibitors as potential treatment for PD. However, kidney safety concerns have surfaced from LRRK2 knockout (KO) mice and rats and from repeat-dose studies in rodents administered LRRK2 inhibitors. To support drug development of this therapeutic target, we conducted a study of 26 weeks' duration in 2-month-old wild-type and LRRK2 KO Long-Evans Hooded rats to systematically examine the performance of urinary safety biomarkers and to characterize the nature of the morphological changes in the kidneys by light microscopy and by ultrastructural evaluation.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Mouse Cerebral Cavernomas Reveal Differential Lesion Progression and Variable Permeability to Gadolinium.

Background: Cerebral cavernous malformations, also known as cavernous angiomas, are blood vessel abnormalities comprised of clusters of grossly enlarged and hemorrhage-prone capillaries. The prevalence in the general population, including asymptomatic cases, is estimated to be 0.5%.

Metabolomic Evaluation of Air Pollution-related Bone Damage and Potential Mediation.

Ambient air pollution has been associated with bone damage. However, no studies have evaluated the metabolomic response to air pollutants and its potential influence on bone health in postmenopausal women. We analyzed data from WHI participants with plasma samples.

Under or over? General practitioner charging of Medicare.

Background And Objectives: In 2022, media reports alleged that doctors, particularly general practitioners (GPs), are defrauding Medicare, claiming $8 billion lost through fraud/non-compliance. This study examined Medicare Benefits Schedule billing patterns by consultation length to estimate overcharging or undercharging by GPs, and the cost/savings to Medicare.

Method: A subset of data from the Bettering the Evaluation And Care of Health (BEACH) program from 2013 to 2016, which included length of consultation information, was analysed.

How psychologists can help achieve equity in health care-advancing innovative partnerships and models of care delivery: Introduction to the special issue.

For as long as the United States has been a country, the distribution of good health has been unequal. In this special issue, we consider what psychology can do to understand and ameliorate these inequalities. The introduction sets the context for why psychologists are well positioned, well trained, and needed to champion health equity via innovative partnerships and models of care delivery.