Comparative study of GBP recruitment on two cytosol-dwelling pathogens, Francisella novicida and Shigella flexneri highlights differences in GBP repertoire and in GBP1 motif requirements.

Guanylate-Binding Proteins are interferon-inducible GTPases that play a key role in cell autonomous responses against intracellular pathogens. Despite sharing high sequence similarity, subtle differences among GBPs translate into functional divergences that are still largely not understood. A key GBP feature is the formation of supramolecular GBP complexes on the bacterial surface.

Subspinal impingement: clinical outcomes of arthroscopic decompression with one year minimum follow up.

Purpose: This study was designed to (1) evaluate the clinical outcomes after arthroscopic subspinal decompression in patients with hip impingement symptoms and low AIIS, and to (2) assess the presence of low anterior inferior iliac spine on the pre-operative radiographs of patients with established subspinal impingement diagnosed intra-operatively.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent arthroscopic subspinal decompression has been performed. The indications for surgery were femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), or subspinal impingement.

Human caspase-4 detects tetra-acylated LPS and cytosolic Francisella and functions differently from murine caspase-11.

Caspase-4/5 in humans and caspase-11 in mice bind hexa-acylated lipid A, the lipid moeity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to induce the activation of non-canonical inflammasome. Pathogens such as Francisella novicida express an under-acylated lipid A and escape caspase-11 recognition in mice. Here, we show that caspase-4 drives inflammasome responses to F.

IFN-γ extends the immune functions of Guanylate Binding Proteins to inflammasome-independent antibacterial activities during Francisella novicida infection.

Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are interferon-inducible proteins involved in the cell-intrinsic immunity against numerous intracellular pathogens. The molecular mechanisms underlying the potent antibacterial activity of GBPs are still unclear. GBPs have been functionally linked to the NLRP3, the AIM2 and the caspase-11 inflammasomes.

The C. elegans SET-2/SET1 histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) methyltransferase preserves genome stability in the germline.

Maintaining the integrity of genetic information across generations is essential for both cell survival and reproduction, and requires the timely repair of DNA damage. Histone-modifying enzymes play a central role in the DNA repair process through the deposition and removal of post-translational modifications on the histone tails. Specific histone modification act in the DNA repair process through the recruitment of proteins and complexes with specific enzymatic activities, or by altering the chromatin state at the site of DNA lesions.

Impact of the environment on reproductive health: executive summary.

The papers presented at the workshop on the "Impact of the Environment on Reproductive Health" are published in this issue of the EHP Supplements. After the formal presentation of the papers, the authors and scientists met to discuss the important aspects of environmental issues affecting human reproductive health. This Executive Summary was compiled by the organizers and editors of the workshop and the proceedings.

Increase in sialic acids removable by neuraminidase during the shape change of platelets.

Human or rabbit platelets were activated by ADP or 5-hydroxytrypatamine and rapidly fixed with glutaraldehyde. The shape change associated with activation gave rise to an increase in sialic acids removable by neuraminidase. This increase, like the shape change, was prevented by adenosine or methysergide added before ADP or 5-hydroxytryptamine respectively.

Shape change and aggregation of blood platelets: interaction between the effects of adenosine and diphosphate, 5-hydroxytryptamine and adrenaline.

1 The interaction of effects between 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) on human or rabbit platelets was investigated in vitro. The initial platelet shape change and their aggregation were measured in stirred, citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) at 37 degrees C by recording the rate and extent of changes in light scattering and light transmission. 2 Both the velocity and extent of aggregation and the velocity and extent of the rapid morphological change caused by ADP were enhanced by simultaneous addition of 5-HT.

Accelerated uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine by human blood platelets enriched in a sialic acid.

The enzymically catalysed incorporation of N-acetylneuraminic acid into human platelets, whether suspended in their own citrated plasma or in buffered saline containing 0.17 mM-sucrose, accelerated the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine. This acceleration decreased with time.

Relative activities on and uptake by human blood platelets of 5-hydroxytryptamine and several analogues.

1. The specificity of platelet receptor sites for 5-HT uptake and for the rapid morphological change and aggregation was investigated with 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) and seventeen analogues as well as with some antagonists of 5-HT.2.