Shape change of the vitreous chamber influences retinal detachment and reattachment processes: is mechanical stress during eye rotations a factor?

Purpose: We aim to understand how mechanical causation influences retinal detachment and reattachment processes. In particular, myopes suffer retinal detachment more frequently than emmetropes, and following a retinal detachment, scleral buckling promotes retinal reattachment. We test the hypothesis that stresses arising from saccadic eye rotations are involved in the processes, and that the alteration in the stress due to the change in the vitreous chamber geometry is sufficient to explain the phenomena.

Recertification in allergy and immunology: an historical review with special emphasis on the 1983 examination.

Recertification offers a method of evaluating a diplomate's cognitive knowledge of allergy and immunology. In 1983 candidates for the American Board of Allergy and Immunology recertification examination were offered the entire certifying examination but were informed that they would, for recertification purposes, be held responsible only for a subset of questions judged to be particularly clinically relevant. All 40 candidates elected to take the entire certifying examination.

Performance of U.S. citizen-foreign medical graduates on certifying examinations in internal medicine.

Increasing numbers of U.S. citizens are studying medicine abroad and returning for graduate medical education and practice.

Recertification in surgery, 1980.

The first recertification process of the American Board of Surgery was completed in 1980. The process consisted of a review of diplomates' credentials, peer review, a requirement for continuing education in surgery, submission of an operative experience list, and a multiple-choice examination. Of the 478 diplomates who completed the process, 471 were recertified.

Standard-setting in written and interactive (oral) specialty certification examinations: issues, models, methods, challenges.

This article addresses standard-setting for written and interactive (oral) examinations in the health professions. The currently used methods are explained and classified, and their strengths and weaknesses are discussed. We argue that standard-setting must be understood as an interactive system involving decision maker(s), subject area, and methods.

Performance of graduates of foreign medical schools on the examinations of the American Board of Internal Medicine.

We investigated the performance of two groups of graduates of foreign medical schools on the 1975 and 1976 certification examinations of the American Board of Internal Medicine. Nearly all their postdoctoral residency training was obtained in the United States. The performance (most of those in this study were born in Asia and Southeast Asia) was much lower than that of graduates of United States medical schools.

Validation of a cardiology subspecialty examination by faculty ratings of competencies: a multivariate approach.

This study investigated the relationships between assessments of competence as supplied by clinical faculty and examination performance on the 1975 Cardiovascular Disease subspecialty examination. Canonical correlation analysis showed the existence of two factors, which accounted for 36% of the variance in common.

The American Board of Internal Medicine recertification examination: process and results.

On 26 October 1974, 3356 diplomates of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) took a 1-day written examination for recertification consisting of multiple-choice, matching, and true-false questions derived from the American College of Physicians' Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program III and the ABIM Certifying Examination pool. The passing score was set by using a normative standard applied to a reference group of internists practicing general internal medicine who had had 2 or more years of residency training completed between the years 1949 and 1958. The passing score represented approximately 63% correct answers.