Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and sex difference affect the fate of glucose in the human heart.

Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and sex difference affect myocardial glucose uptake and utilization. However, their effect on the intramyocellular fate of glucose in humans has been unknown. How the heart uses glucose is important, because it affects energy production and oxygen efficiency, which in turn affect heart function and adaptability.

Relationship Between Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence--an Indicator of Advanced Glycation End Products-and Upper Extremity Impairments in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is thought to contribute to limited joint mobility in people with diabetes mellitus (DM), but the relationships among AGEs, shoulder structural changes, movement, and disability are not understood.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences and relationships among skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF), a proxy measure of AGEs, biceps and supraspinatus tendon thickness, upper extremity movement, and disability in groups with and without DM.

Design: This was a cross-sectional, case-control study.

Executive functioning of 4 children with hyperphenylalaninemia from childhood to adolescence.

Hyperphenylalaninemia is a variant of phenylketonuria, and debate remains as to what, if any, active management of this condition is required to preserve cognitive function and psychological well-being. This study is the first to examine longitudinally the executive function (EF) in adolescents with hyperphenylalaninemia. Two sibling pairs with mild hyperphenylalaninemia underwent neuropsychological examination in early childhood and again in adolescence using EF tests that were highly sensitive to phenylalanine exposure.

Rare presentation of a treatable disorder: glutaric aciduria type 1.

A 32-year-old female patient presented with migraine and a bipolar disorder with frontal lobe dysfunction and bilateral pyramidal tract signs on examination. MRI brain revealed confluent bilateral symmetric white matter signal abnormality on T2 and FLAIR images with mild cerebral atrophy. Classic widening of Sylvian fissures and CSF space anterior to temporal lobes was seen.

Immune responses of bison and efficacy after booster vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51.

Thirty-one bison heifers were randomly assigned to receive saline or a single vaccination with 10(10) CFU of Brucella abortus strain RB51. Some vaccinated bison were randomly selected for booster vaccination with RB51 at 11 months after the initial vaccination. Mean antibody responses to RB51 were greater (P < 0.

Shoulder limited joint mobility in people with diabetes mellitus.

Background: Limited joint mobility at the shoulder is an understudied problem in people with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in shoulder kinematics between a group with diabetes and those without diabetes.

Methods: Fifty-two participants were recruited, 26 with diabetes and 26 non-diabetes controls (matched for age, BMI and sex).

Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in patients with autoimmune disorders: a report of two cases.

Background: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) following ovulation induction is common and varies in severity from mild to severe. Severe OHSS can be life threatening and requires hospitalization and procedures to reduce the extracellular fluid accumulation. Ovulation induction regimen and patient characteristics such as young age and low body weight have been identified as risk factors for OHSS, and follicle count >20 may be predictive of increased risk for moderate to severe OHSS.

Retinopathy and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and anemia.

Objective: Retinopathy is an established microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its independent relationship with macrovascular and other microvascular complications is less well defined across the spectrum of kidney disease in T2DM. We examined the prognostic value of retinopathy in assessing the risk of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD), cardiovascular morbidity or death among patients in the Trial to Reduce cardiovascular Events with Aranesp Therapy (TREAT).

Design: TREAT enrolled 4038 patients with T2DM, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and moderate anemia.

Upper extremity impairments, pain and disability in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To determine the severity of, and relationships between, upper extremity impairments, pain and disability in patients with diabetes mellitus, and to compare upper extremity impairments in patients with diabetes with non-diabetic controls.

Design: Case-control, cross-sectional design.

Setting: University-based, outpatient diabetes centre and physical therapy research clinic.

Overcoming the barriers to diagnosis of Morquio A syndrome.

Background: Morquio A syndrome is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease often resulting in life-threatening complications. Early recognition and proficient diagnosis is imperative to facilitate prompt treatment and prevention of clinical complications.

Methods: Experts in Asia Pacific reviewed medical records focusing on presenting signs and symptoms leading to a diagnosis of Morquio A syndrome.

A systematic review of the prevalence of Morquio A syndrome: challenges for study reporting in rare diseases.

Background: Morquio A (MPS IVA) is a rare disease characterised by a deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6 sulfatase (GALNS) and presenting with short stature, abnormal gait, cervical spine instability and shortened lifespan.

Purpose: To prepare a systematic review of the prevalence of Morquio A in multiple countries and suggest recommendations for reporting rare diseases.

Methods: Medline, Medline In-Process, Medline Daily Update, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment Database and PROSPERO were searched from inception to October 2013 to identify relevant information on the epidemiology of Morquio A.

Correcting for sequencing error in maximum likelihood phylogeny inference.

Accurate phylogenies are critical to taxonomy as well as studies of speciation processes and other evolutionary patterns. Accurate branch lengths in phylogenies are critical for dating and rate measurements. Such accuracy may be jeopardized by unacknowledged sequencing error.

American association of clinical endocrinologists and american college of endocrinology consensus conference on obesity: building an evidence base for comprehensive action.

Objective/methods: The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology "Consensus conference on obesity: building an evidence base for comprehensive action" convened March 23-25, 2014, in Washington, D.C. The premise of the conference was that by bringing together stakeholders in U.

Chronic ethanol exposure selectively inhibits the influenza-specific CD8 T cell response during influenza a virus infection.

Background: It is well established that chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption is associated with increased incidence and disease severity of respiratory infections. Our recent work demonstrates this increase in disease severity to influenza A virus (IAV) infections is due, in part, to a failure to mount a robust IAV-specific CD8 T cell response along with a specific impairment in the ability of these T cells to produce interferon γ (IFNγ). However, the full extent of the lesion in the effector CD8 T cell compartment during chronic EtOH consumption remains unknown.

Acute phase response elicited by experimental bovine diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection is associated with decreased vitamin D and E status of vitamin-replete preruminant calves.

Studies in young animals have shown an association between vitamin deficiencies and increased risk of infectious disease; however, there is a paucity of information regarding the effect of acute infection on the vitamin status of the vitamin-replete neonate. To characterize the effects of acute infection on vitamin D and E status of the neonate, 6 vitamin-replete preruminant Holstein bull calves were experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV; strain BVDV2-1373). Six mock-inoculated calves served as controls.

Depression, anxiety, and stress in young adults with phenylketonuria: associations with biochemistry.

Objective: Increasing concurrent phenylalanine to "off-diet" levels in adults with phenylketonuria (PKU) has been shown to lead to mood disturbances. However, the impact of controlled phenylalanine exposure across the developmental life span and mood stability remains questionable. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between lifetime and concurrent phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) with levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in young adults maintaining a continuously treated diet for PKU.

Anti-diabetes therapy: safety considerations for patients with impaired kidney function.

The presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease, but appropriate glycemic control can slow the progression of kidney dysfunction in patients with T2DM. The kidney plays a role in insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis, therefore, impaired kidney function alters glucose dynamics compared with normal kidney function, thus affecting antihyperglycemic treatment strategies. Glycemic management is further complicated by reduced drug clearance and a greater risk of hypoglycemia with use of certain medications, notably the sulfonylureas.

Prevention of inpatient hypoglycemia with a real-time informatics alert.

Background: Severe hypoglycemia (SH), defined as a blood glucose (BG) <40 mg/dL, is associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes in inpatients.

Objective: To determine whether a predictive informatics hypoglycemia risk-alert supported by trained nurse responders would reduce the incidence of SH in our hospital.

Design: A 5-month prospective cohort intervention study.