Low-vibration cryogenic test facility for next generation of ground-based gravitational-wave observatories.

We present the design and commissioning of a cryogenic low-vibration test facility that measures displacement noise from a gram-scale silicon cantilever at the level of 10-16m/Hz at 1 kHz. This sensitivity is necessary for future tests of thermal noise models on cross sections of silicon suspension samples proposed for future gravitational-wave detectors. A volume of ∼36 l is enclosed by radiation shields cooling an optical test cavity that is suspended from a multi-stage pendulum chain providing isolation from acoustic and environmental noise.

Validation of minimally invasive articular cartilage sparing technique for olecranon osteotomy.

Background: The authors present a cadaveric validation of a minimally invasive articular cartilage preserving olecranon osteotomy technique for use in the operative management of distal humeral fractures.

Methods: Twenty-four elbows in six male and six female formaldehyde embalmed cadavers were dissected. With the cadaver placed in a lateral decubitus position, a posterior sub-periosteal dissection was performed to the medial and lateral aspects of the olecranon at the level of the joint and Mini Hohmann retractors were inserted into each side of the ulnohumeral joint.

Examining Indigenous Identity as a Protective Factor in Mental Well-Being Research in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Due to historical and ongoing structural racism and settler colonialism, Indigenous Peoples and communities in the United States are at a higher risk for a variety of diseases, elevated stress, and negative mental health outcomes. In addition, the United States federal government and the public encourage a view that Indigenous Peoples are primarily a racial group. Federally-, state-, and un-recognized Indigenous Peoples have a collective right to self-determination and sovereignty, and individuals of these Peoples understand this.

Squeezing the quantum noise of a gravitational-wave detector below the standard quantum limit.

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that the position and momentum of an object cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrary precision, giving rise to an apparent limitation known as the standard quantum limit (SQL). Gravitational-wave detectors use photons to continuously measure the positions of freely falling mirrors and so are affected by the SQL. We investigated the performance of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) after the experimental realization of frequency-dependent squeezing designed to surpass the SQL.

Quantum Enhanced Balanced Heterodyne Readout for Differential Interferometry.

Conventional heterodyne readout schemes are now under reconsideration due to the realization of techniques to evade its inherent 3 dB signal-to-noise penalty. The application of high-frequency, quadrature-entangled, two-mode squeezed states can further improve the readout sensitivity of audio-band signals. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate quantum-enhanced heterodyne readout of two spatially distinct interferometers with direct optical signal combination, circumventing the 3 dB heterodyne signal-to-noise penalty.

Perspectives of HPV vaccination among young adults: a qualitative systematic review and evidence synthesis protocol.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of nearly all cervical cancers. Despite the proven safety and efficacy of HPV vaccines in preventing HPV-related cancers, the global vaccine coverage rate is estimated to only be 15%. HPV vaccine coverage rates are more actively tracked and reported for adolescents 17 years and younger but there is still a critical window of opportunity to intervene and promote HPV vaccination among young adults aged 18-26 years who are still eligible to be vaccinated.

Case Report: causing prosthetic joint infection in an adult.

Introduction: is a Gram-negative micro-organism that is rarely isolated as a pathogen in the adult population. Although widely reported to affect prosthetic heart valves, there have been no previously reported cases of infecting prosthetic joints in adults.

Case Presentation: A 61-year-old patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presented with insidious onset of pain and swelling in her right shoulder, which had progressed to a discharging sinus.

Exposure frequency, intensity, and duration: What we know about work-related asthma risks for healthcare workers from cleaning and disinfection.

The objective of this review was to scope the current evidence base related to three exposure assessment concepts: frequency, intensity, and duration (latency) for cleaning and disinfection exposures in healthcare and subsequent work-related asthma risks. A search strategy was developed addressing intersections of four main concepts: (1) work-related asthma; (2) occupation (healthcare workers/nurses); (3) cleaning and disinfection; and (4) exposure. Three databases were searched: Embase, PubMed, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) database.

A scoping review of maternal health among resettled refugee women in the United States.

Background: Globally, refugee women continue to face higher maternity-related risks from preventable complications during pregnancy and childbirth, partly due to high health care costs, unfamiliarity with the healthcare system, language barriers, and discrimination. Nevertheless, there is still a paucity of literature that evaluates the available evidence in the US. This scoping review delineated the body of literature on maternal health among refugee women resettled in the US in order to identify knowledge gaps in the literature and highlight future research priorities and directions for maternal health promotion.

Evaluation of a nitinol stone retrieval basket as an alternative to biopsy forceps for biopsy of suspected upper tract genitourinary malignancies.

Background: The anatomical nature of the ureteroscopic approach for biopsy of upper urothelial tract tumors requires the utilization of small instruments, often limiting biopsy specimen quality. This leads to lower-than-desired tumor grading accuracy and malignancy detection capabilities on the initial evaluation of upper tract tumor specimens. This is problematic because optimal treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) depends on early disease detection and subsequent accurate diagnosis.

Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors.

High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector.

Community-Engaged Approaches to Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.

Cervical cancer remains one of the top causes of cancer mortality among African women. Cervical cancer screening and early detection and treatment of precancer is one of the evidence-based interventions to reduce incidence and mortality. The application of community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been used in the United States to improve participation in screening and reduce cervical cancer disparities.

Case report of an unusual extra-articular scapular malunion: Rare indication for surgery.

Introduction: Scapular fractures are relatively rare injuries usually associated with high-energy trauma and multiple concomitant injuries. Most of scapular fractures do not require surgical intervention.

Patient And Clinical History: A 42-year-old male sustained an extra-articular scapular body fracture along with multiple rib fractures with flail segments and right pneumothorax treated with intercostal drain.

The utilization of perfused cadaver simulation in urologic training: a pilot study.

Background: We sought to determine if participating in a surgical training session using perfused fresh human cadavers (PFHC) had a positive effect on urology residents' confidence in performing open and endoscopic procedures.

Methods: Urology residents at our institution participated in a surgical training session in the West Virginia University Fresh Tissue Training Program, which utilized fresh cadavers with vascular perfusion. The session consisted of performing different urologic procedures (open and endoscopic) on the perfused fresh human cadavers (PFHC).

Determining the ideal osteotomy for stemless total shoulder replacement: a cadaveric study.

Hypothesis: We sought to determine the angle of osteotomy that produces a circular humeral cut surface.

Methods: A total of 49 cadaveric shoulders, from 25 cadavers, underwent sequential humeral head osteotomy from 180° (vertical, in line with the humeral diaphyseal shaft), in 10° increments, until the rotator cuff insertion was encountered. At each stage, the anteroposterior (AP) and superoinferior (SI) distances were recorded.

Health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in U.S. barbershops and hair salons- a systematic review.

Background: African American adults suffer disproportionately from obesity-related chronic diseases, particularly at younger ages. In order to close the gap in these health disparities, efforts to develop and test culturally appropriate interventions are critical.

Methods: A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted to identify and critically evaluate health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in barbershops and hair salons.

Effect of d-limonene and its derivatives on breast cancer in human trials: a scoping review and narrative synthesis.

Background: D-limonene and its derivatives have demonstrated potential chemopreventive and anticancer activity in preclinical and clinical studies. The aim of this scoping review was to assess and critically appraise current literature on the effect of these bioactive citrus peel compounds on breast cancer in human trials and to identify knowledge gaps for exploration in future studies.

Methods: This study followed a scoping review framework.

Scoping Review of Postinfectious Sequelae.

Previous economic estimates of infection with and chronic sequelae following infection lack sufficient data to establish the true burden of disease and its chronic sequelae. This scoping review aims to fill this gap by updating existing literature regarding the development of postinfectious sequelae following infection. Literature published between January 1, 2000, and November 6, 2018, in PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus was searched for a wide range of postinfectious sequelae and economic estimate terms.

Updating search strategies for literature reviews with OUR2D2: an open-source computer application.

Background: While writing a scoping review, we needed to update our search strategy. We wanted to capture articles generated by our additional search terms and articles published since our original search. Simultaneously, we strove to optimize project resources by not rescreening articles that had been captured in our original results.

The Impact of Targeted Education of American Urological Association Cryptorchidism Guidelines in a Rural State: Improvement Still Needed.

Background: The American Urological Association published guidelines in 2014 regarding management of undescended testicles (UDT). Despite these guidelines, prior studies have indicated discordance between guidelines and actual practice, especially in rural states. This study aims to identify if educating referring providers improves management of UDT.

Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run.

We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection.

Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object.

The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object's motion. The thermal environment also masks the effects of proposed modifications of quantum mechanics at large mass scales.

Utilizing Colpocleisis to Repair a Vesicovaginal Fistula in a Cervical Cancer Patient with History of Pelvic Radiation: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Vesicovaginal fistula is a rare and distressing urological condition. It is especially prevalent in developing countries with the predominant etiology secondary to obstructed labor. Radiation therapy in female patients with cervical cancer is a risk factor for vesicovaginal fistula formation in the United States.

Infection-associated biofilms and statins: protocol for systematic review.

Introduction: Owing to their propensity for being associated with infections, biofilms have become a focus in infectious disease research. There is evidence suggesting that statins, which are commonly used for prevention of cardiovascular disease, may prevent biofilm-associated infections, but this association has not been well-understood.

Methods And Analysis: This systematic review protocol will include six database searches from their inception to 20 August 2020.