A practical approach to mitigating cognitive bias effects in forensic casework.

Historically, forensic science results have been admitted in court, with minimal scrutiny regarding their scientific validity. However, following the National Academy of Sciences (NAS, 2009) report, the forensic community has undergone a significant transformation. This shift has demonstrated that forensic scientists and laboratories want to ensure the scientific rigor and quality of their results, but that they are often uncertain where to begin when addressing concerns about error and bias.

Preoperative Immersive Virtual Reality Applied to Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study of Surgical Planning and Clinical Outcomes.

Purpose: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the procedure of choice for the management of complex or large renal stones. A major challenge for the surgeon, however, is the need to assimilate the nearly 2000 static images from a CT scan into a functional mental image to enable surgical planning. Accordingly, we investigated the potential of immersive virtual reality (iVR) to enhance surgical planning and its impact on the outcomes among patients undergoing PCNL.

Liver Resection With Extrahepatic Disease: A Population-Based Analysis of Thoughtful Selection.

Background: The oncologic benefit of liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) in the setting of concurrent extrahepatic disease (EHD) is controversial. We performed a population-based, cross-sectional study to determine the practice patterns and overall survival (OS) of patients with CRLM + EHD who underwent liver resection.

Methods: Patients with CRLM + EHD were identified using the California Cancer Registry from 2000 to 2019.

See one, do one, teach one - Trends in resident autonomy and teaching assistant cases during general surgery residency in the United States: A nationwide retrospective analysis.

Introduction: Autonomy during residency is crucial to the training and development of competent surgeons. An essential component of this process is the 'teaching assistant (TA)' case, an indispensable opportunity for residents to gain confidence and hone intraoperative skills. However, high-quality data on the volume and diversity of cases that graduates perform are scarce.

Liver Resection for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors with Extrahepatic Disease.

: Although survival outcomes for neuroendocrine liver metastases (NETLM) are improved with liver-direct therapies (LDT), including hepatic debulking and nonsurgical trans-arterial embolization, the benefit is less established in the setting of concurrent extrahepatic disease (EHD). We performed a population-based study to characterize the rates of LDT being performed for NETLM with EHD patients and whether LDT is associated with survival outcomes. : Patients with NETLM and EHD were identified using the California Cancer Registry database merged with data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development between 2000 and 2012.

A potential therapeutic strategy based on acute oxidative stress induction for wild-type NRF2/KEAP1 lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Extensive efforts have been conducted in the search for new targetable drivers of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC); to date, however, candidates remain mostly unsuccessful. One of the oncogenic pathways frequently found to be active in LUSC is NFE2L2 (NRF2 transcription factor), the levels of which are regulated by KEAP1. Mutations in NFE2L2 or KEAP1 trigger NRF2 activation, an essential protector against reactive oxygen species (ROS).

International scope of biomedical research ethics review.

Many countries consider long-term implications for society.

Diffuse-Type Histology Is Prognostic for All Siewert Types of Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: The optimal treatment for gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA) remains controversial. We evaluated the treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with locally advanced GEJA according to the histological type.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients with locally advanced GEJA who underwent curative-intent surgical resection between 2010 and 2020.

γ-Aminobutyric acid transporter and GABA receptor mechanisms in and mice associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

We have previously characterized the molecular mechanisms for variants in γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1-encoding solute carrier family 6-member 1 () and concluded that a partial or complete loss of γ-aminobutyric acid uptake due to impaired protein trafficking is the primary aetiology. Impairment of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 function could cause compensatory changes in the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, which, in turn, modify disease pathophysiology and phenotype. Here we used different approaches including radioactive H γ-aminobutyric acid uptake in cells and synaptosomes, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy as well as brain slice surface protein biotinylation to characterize and mice, representative of a partial or a complete loss of function of mutations, respectively.

Explainable Machine Learning Model to Preoperatively Predict Postoperative Complications in Inpatients With Cancer Undergoing Major Operations.

Purpose: Preoperative prediction of postoperative complications (PCs) in inpatients with cancer is challenging. We developed an explainable machine learning (ML) model to predict PCs in a heterogenous population of inpatients with cancer undergoing same-hospitalization major operations.

Methods: Consecutive inpatients who underwent same-hospitalization operations from December 2017 to June 2021 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed.

Recurrence patterns after complex multimodality therapy and hepatic arterial infusion for colorectal liver metastases: A reflection of biology and technique.

Background And Methods: We characterized colorectal liver metastasis recurrence and survival patterns after surgical resection and intraoperative ablation ± hepatic arterial infusion pump (HAIP) placement. We estimated patterns of recurrence and survival in patients undergoing contemporary multimodal treatments. Between 2017 and 2021, patient, tumor characteristics, and recurrence data were collected.

Surgical Force: Initial Study and Clinical Implications in the Assessment of Ureteral Access Sheath Induced Injury.

Ureteral access sheaths (UAS) pose the risk of severe ureteral injury. Our prior studies revealed forces ≤6 Newtons (N) prevent ureteral injury. Accordingly, we sought to define the force urologists and residents in training typically use when placing a UAS.

New morphological and biological contributions to adults and immature forms of (Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae) in wetlands of Argentina.

In the search for insects as biological control agents for the water primrose, the delphacid (Delphacidae) was found on Ludwigiagrandiflorasubsp.hexapetala (Onagraceae) in a wetland of Central East Argentina. The morphology of the unknown females (brachypterous and macropterous) and immature stages are described and illustrated.

Identification of a regulatory pathway governing TRAF1 via an arthritis-associated non-coding variant.

was among the first loci shown to confer risk for inflammatory arthritis in the absence of an associated coding variant, but its genetic mechanism remains undefined. Using Immunochip data from 3,939 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and 14,412 control individuals, we identified 132 plausible common non-coding variants, reduced serially by single-nucleotide polymorphism sequencing (SNP-seq), electrophoretic mobility shift, and luciferase studies to the single variant rs7034653 in the third intron of . Genetically manipulated experimental cells and primary monocytes from genotyped donors establish that the risk G allele reduces binding of Fos-related antigen 2 (FRA2), encoded by , resulting in reduced TRAF1 expression and enhanced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production.

The molecular basis of drug selectivity for α5 subunit-containing GABA receptors.

α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) receptors represent a promising drug target for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Altered expression and function contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders such as Dup15q and Angelman syndromes, developmental epilepsy and autism. Effective drug action without side effects is dependent on both α5-subtype selectivity and the strength of the positive or negative allosteric modulation (PAM or NAM).

Pilot study of HER2 targeted 64 Cu-DOTA-tagged PET imaging in gastric cancer patients.

Objective: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an important biomarker for targeted gastric cancer (GC) immunotherapy. However, heterogeneous HER2 overexpression in GC, loss of HER2 expression during therapy, and inability to non-invasively identify HER2 overexpressing tumors impede effective targeting therapies. Improved HER2-specific functional imaging can address these challenges.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Temsirolimus in a Patient-derived Model of Metastatic Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is a rare tumor presenting in younger patients without chronic liver disease. Up to 80-100% develop recurrent disease, necessitating additional surgery or systemic treatment. Systemic options and pre-clinical treatment studies are lacking.

To Mob or Not to Mob: Habitat and Time of Day Influence in Mobbing Behavior in the Azure-Winged Magpie ().

While mobbing, individuals utter distinctive calls and perform visual threatening displays. Like any other antipredatory strategies, it involves some costs (time, energy, injuries, and even death). Therefore, mobbing would be expected to vary depending on the perceived magnitude of the predation risk.

Low anterior resection syndrome.

Low anterior resection syndrome represents a clinical state wherein a constellation of gastrointestinal symptoms is a direct result of anatomic changes to the rectum. Patients who undergo operations to create a neorectum often develop persistent symptoms of increased frequency, urgency, diarrhea, and these symptoms are debilitating and impact patients' quality of life. A stepwise approach to treatment can improve many patients' symptoms with the most invasive options reserved for highly refractory symptoms.

An Experimental Study in Wild Wood Mice Testing Elemental and Isotope Analysis in Faeces to Determine Variations in Food Intake Amount.

The analysis of carbon and nitrogen elemental (C, N) and isotopic compositions (δC, δN) in faeces are considered reliable methodologies for the study of diet in wildlife. Here, we tested the suitability of these techniques to detect variations in the amount of food intake. We captured wild wood mice ( with Sherman live traps where bait access was initially free, and later it was experimentally limited inside by four different devices to cause intended variations in the amount ingested.

Project management and supply chain 4.0 improvement: the case of infant formulas in the face of the challenge of COVID-19.

The changes in the environment make it necessary for organizations to prepare to face in the most effective and flexible way without negatively affecting the quality of the products or services offered, making this area of opportunity become growth and a competitive advantage against to the other companies. While Industry 4.0 has been a critical factor in overcoming the challenges of pandemic restrictions and improving productivity by providing continuous operations during the crisis, the smart supply chain has enabled a constant stock of products to reach their destination.

Social determinants of health associated with COVID-19 severity during pregnancy: a multinational cohort study (in the International Registry of Coronavirus Exposure in Pregnancy).

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations. We aimed to assess social and demographic characteristics associated with COVID-19 severity among symptomatic participants during pregnancy.

Methods: The International Registry of Coronavirus Exposure in Pregnancy is a multinational, longitudinal observational cohort study of adult participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 or who received clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 during pregnancy (NCT04366986).

Onto the sense of smell in macaws, amazons and toucans: can they use volatile cues of fruits to make foraging decisions?

Over the past decades, empirical evidence has been accumulated indicating that olfactory information plays a fundamental role in bird life history. Nonetheless, many aspects of avian olfaction remain poorly understood. Our purpose was to broaden the knowledge about the importance of the sense of smell in some neglected bird groups: psittaciformes and ramphastids, and to compare how the response varied between the species.

PI3Kβ-regulated β-catenin mediates EZH2 removal from promoters controlling primed human ESC stemness and primitive streak gene expression.

The mechanism governing the transition of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward differentiated cells is only partially understood. To explore this transition, the activity and expression of the ubiquitous phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα and PI3Kβ) were modulated in primed hESCs. The study reports a pathway that dismantles the restraint imposed by the EZH2 polycomb repressor on an essential stemness gene, NODAL, and on transcription factors required to trigger primitive streak formation.