[Effects of red meat consumption during pregnancy. Issues, risks and dietary alternatives].

Excessive consumption of red meat is harmful to our health (cardio-vascular disease, cancer, diabetes) and to the environment. However, its effects on pregnancy are still poorly understood. The aim of this literature review was to examine the effects of a diet rich in red meat or, on the contrary, a vegetarian diet, on the course of pregnancy and fetal development.

Beyond Morbidity and Mortality Conference: How Do We Learn From Special Cases?

Objective: Physicians experience scary cases in the course of usual medical practice. Cases of near misses, legal and ethical dilemmas, or unique clinical challenges are great sources of education. However, there is no format for presentation and dissemination of cases that do not meet criteria for morbidity and mortality (M&M) conferences.

Re-evaluation of the methodology for estimating the US specialty physician workforce.

Increasing pursuit of subspecialized training has quietly revolutionized physician training, but the potential impact on physician workforce estimates has not previously been recognized. The Physicians Specialty Data Reports of the Association of American Medical Colleges, derived from specialty designations in the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Professional Data (PPD), are the reference source for US physician workforce estimates; by 2020, the report for pathologists was an undercount of 39% when compared with the PPD. Most of the difference was due to the omission of pathology subspecialty designations.

Relationship between otolaryngology interest groups and residency match results.

Background: Many students have limited exposure to otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OTOHNS) throughout medical school, limiting recruitment of medical students early in their medical careers.

Objective: To assess the association between otolaryngology interest groups (OIGs) at medical schools and percentage of students matching into OTOHNS residency programs. To characterize specific aspects of OIGs that may impact the percentage of students matching into OTOHNS residency programs from a given medical school.

Assessing ChatGPT's Responses to Otolaryngology Patient Questions.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT's performance in addressing real-world otolaryngology patient questions, focusing on accuracy, comprehensiveness, and patient safety, to assess its suitability for integration into healthcare.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using patient questions from the public online forum Reddit's r/AskDocs, where medical advice is sought from healthcare professionals. Patient questions were input into ChatGPT (GPT-3.

Demographic disparities in children with retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses.

Purpose: To explore the impact that demographic and socioeconomic factors such as age, gender, race, and insurance status have on the diagnosis of retropharyngeal (RPA) and parapharyngeal abscesses (PPA) in the pediatric population.

Methods: The 2016 HCUP KID was searched for all RPA/PPA discharges using the joint ICD-10 code J39.0.

Advances in the Use of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator in Adolescents With Down Syndrome and Persistent Obstructive Sleep Apnea-A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator (HNS) is a novel therapy that has been extensively studied in adults and more recently, it has been incorporated in children with Down Syndrome (DS) with persistent obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy and trial of continuous positive airway pressure treatment. This systematic review article aims to examine the existing literature on HNS use in children to explore the benefits, efficacy, and parental experiences.

Methods: MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched to include all studies published up to March 2nd, 2023, on the topic of HNS use in pediatric population under 21 years old.

A Retrospective Genomic Landscape of 661 Young Adult Glioblastomas Diagnosed Using 2016 WHO Guidelines for Central Nervous System Tumors.

The authors present a cohort of 661 young adult glioblastomas diagnosed using 2016 WHO World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, utilizing comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) to explore their genomic landscape and assess their relationship to currently defined disease entities. This analysis explored variants with evidence of pathogenic function, common copy number variants (CNVs), and several novel fusion events not described in literature. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) mutational signatures, anatomic location, and tumor recurrence are further explored.

Improving Bowel Management in Children With Spina Bifida.

Objectives: In individuals with spina bifida (SB), bowel incontinence is associated with lower quality of life and lower likelihood of employment. In an effort to maximize bowel continence in children and adolescents, we created a bowel management assessment and follow-up protocol in a multidisciplinary clinic. Here we report the results of this protocol using quality-improvement methodology.

Features of burnout amongst pathologists: A reassessment.

There has been little rigorous assessment of burnout among pathologists and pathology trainees. Given this relative dearth of relevant literature on pathologist burnout, this report aims to raise awareness of the issue among those working in and around this specialty. Our results are based on a survey given in conjunction with the American Board of Pathology's (ABPath) biennial Continuing Certification (CC) reporting of activities required of diplomates to maintain certification.

Active Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons Using Rocket Exhaust Driven Amplification (REDA) of Man-Made Whistlers.

Ground-based very low frequency (VLF) transmitters located around the world generate signals that leak through the bottom side of the ionosphere in the form of whistler mode waves. Wave and particle measurements on satellites have observed that these man-made VLF waves can be strong enough to scatter trapped energetic electrons into low pitch angle orbits, causing loss by absorption in the lower atmosphere. This precipitation loss process is greatly enhanced by intentional amplification of the whistler waves using a newly discovered process called rocket exhaust driven amplification (REDA).

Strong Job Market for Pathologists: Results From the 2021 College of American Pathologists Practice Leader Survey.

Context.—: There has long been debate about whether and when there may be a shortage of pathologists in the United States. One way to assess this is to survey the hiring experiences of pathology practices.

Geographic Diversity Among Otolaryngology Residency Programs.

Objective: To analyze geographic trends in the otolaryngology residency match.

Design: Cross-sectional study of 116 otolaryngology residency programs, including 1657 residents.

Setting: Internet.

Internet and social media research by parents of pediatric otolaryngologic patients.

Purpose: Public access to medical information has increased dramatically with the growth and accessibility of the Internet. The goal of this study is to characterize how parents use the Internet to understand and make decisions about their child's otolaryngologic surgery.

Materials And Methods: A survey was distributed to parents of pediatric patients undergoing otolaryngologic procedures to assess if and how parents gather information about their child's surgery.

Opioid use in pediatric otolaryngologic surgery: A survey of caregivers' attitudes.

Objective: Given the current opioid epidemic and the fact that children continue to be undertreated for pain following surgeries, it is important to understand care-givers' attitudes toward post-operative opioid use.

Design: A survey was distributed to caregivers of pediatric patients undergoing otolaryngologic procedures.

Setting: An academic hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.

Metabolic Synergy between Human Symbionts and .

Trophic interactions between microbes are postulated to determine whether a host microbiome is healthy or causes predisposition to disease. Two abundant taxa, the Gram-negative heterotrophic bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the methanogenic archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii, are proposed to have a synergistic metabolic relationship. Both organisms play vital roles in human gut health; B.

Human Challenge Studies for Cholera.

The human challenge model permits an estimate of the vaccine protection against moderate and severe cholera. It eliminates the difficulty in setting up a vaccine study in endemic area including uncertainties about the incidence of cholera and the logistic arrangements for capturing those who do/do not become ill. Valuable information from small groups of subjects can be obtained in a short period.

Severe Versus Very Severe Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Outcomes After Adenotonsillectomy.

Objectives/hypothesis: Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is generally considered the first line treatment for pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Pediatric patients with severe OSA have worse outcomes after AT than patients with milder OSA. It is currently unclear if this group of higher morbidity patients should be subdivided further.

Intestinal Guanylate Cyclase-C mRNA Expression in Duodenum and Colon of Children.

Objectives: Guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonists, which increase intestinal secretion and accelerate transit, are used to treat chronic constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and are being evaluated for pediatric use. Prior studies suggest GC-C receptor density may be higher in young children, potentially amplifying GC-C agonism with treatment implications. We aimed to quantitate duodenal and colonic GC-C mRNA expression in children.

Parental Views on the Role of Social Media in Pediatric Otolaryngology.

Objective: Social media is playing an increasingly important role in medicine as a tool for patients and their families to find information and connect with others. The goal of this study is to understand parental views on if and how social media should be incorporated into pediatric otolaryngology by physicians and hospitals.

Methods: A survey was distributed to parents of pediatric otolaryngologic patients to assess views on professional social media use by physicians and hospitals.