[State of the ventilatory function of the lungs in heavy smokers].

Computed spirography, He/O test and capnography evaluation of external respiration has been carried out for 52 subjects. Of these 27 were nonsmokers, 25 smoked but had no history of respiratory diseases. The integral criteria of external respiration obstruction (MOCmax, MOC50, MOC75) proved inadequate diagnostic tool for early detection of ventilatory alterations in smokers who are at risk to develop chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases.

[The potentialities of capnography in the early diagnosis of obstructive ventilatory disorders].

A total of 52 subjects (27 normal persons not abusing tobacco-smoking and 25 tobacco-smokers without respiratory disorders) were examined for external respiration function. A study was also made of the capnography data. It has been demonstrated that the classical criteria of the functional disorders of ventilation (FVC, RFV1, RFV1/FVC, MPV) do not enable one to make an early diagnosis of the ventilatory alterations in subjects with a risk of the development of CNPD (in tobacco-smokers).

[Preasthma and bronchial asthma: problems of clinical immunology].

The paper is concerned with the results of a study of the nature of immunological disorders in 150 patients with chronic bronchitis and preasthma and in 203 patients with bronchial asthma (BA). Subpopulation analysis of immunocompetent cells with the help of monoclonal antibodies permitted the detection of certain differences in the regulatory link of immunity in patients with different types of chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases. Patients with purulent bronchitis demonstrated a decrease in the level of the population of T-helpers and a tendency to an increase in the level of T-suppressors, whereas preasthmatic patients demonstrated a decrease in the level of T-helpers in parallel with a sharp deficiency of T-suppressors.

[New approaches to the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. The interrelation of functional and immunological disorders].

A subpopulation study of immunocompetent cells was carried out in 76 patients with chronic bronchitis, using monoclonal antibodies OKT 3, OKT 11, OKT 4, OKT 8, OKT 6, OKT 10, OKB 7, OKM 1, OKIa 1 and Leu 7. Detailed investigation of external respiratory and cardiovascular functions was done simultaneously. Four types of immune response were identified in relation to immunity control: individuals with a high immunoregulatory index (T helper/T suppressor ratio) due to a profound deficiency of the T suppressor subpopulation; patients with a decreased immunoregulatory index due to low quantity of T helpers; 3) patients with chronic bronchitis and normal immunoregulatory index in the presence of normal or moderately reduced quantities of T helpers and T suppressors, and 4) patients with a low immunoregulatory index due to increased T suppressor subpopulation.

[DNA repair system in nonspecific lung diseases].

It has been found that in 35-40% of patients with acute and chronic pneumonia, the reduced ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes for DNA repair is encountered 14 times as frequently as in normal subjects. After discontinuation of antibacterial therapy with penicillin or tetracycline antibiotics marked inhibition of the ability of lymphocytes for DNA repair is recorded. The tendency toward normalization of this characteristic occurs 1 week after discontinuation of antibiotic therapy for acute and 3 weeks for chronic pneumonia.

[Effect of different immunomodulators on the subpopulations of immunocompetent cells. The immunomodulating therapy of respiratory diseases].

Subpopulation analysis of immunocompetent cells of peripheral blood was performed in 286 patients with bronchopulmonary diseases (acute and protracted pneumonia, chronic obstructive and non-obstructive bronchitis). All the examined manifested the presence of secondary immune deficiency of different nature. The authors describe the results of immunomodulatory therapy with levamisole, diuciphon, zixorin, catergen and prodigiosan.

[The enzyme spectrum of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with nonspecific lung diseases].

The data on the activity of the enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes point to essential disorders within the system of detoxification in patients with bronchopulmonary pathology. The necessity of cultivating cells with mitogens before measurement of the activity of the enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism of the first phase (cytochrome P-450, cytochrome C-reductase) for more precise measurement and reproducibility of the results is discussed. Study of the activity of cytosol enzymes of the second phase (glutathione-S-transferase, sulfotransferase) does not require preliminary cell cultivation.

[Analysis of immunocompetent cell subpopulations in chronic bronchitis patients during the use of different immunomodulating preparations].

Twenty-seven patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and 47 patients with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis were subjected to subpopulation analysis of peripheral blood immunocompetent cells. Statistically significant changes in the content of T mu and T gamma cells, killer and suppressor activity of lymphocytes were discovered in patients with chronic bronchitis. One of the immunological differences between chronic obstructive and chronic non-obstructive bronchitis lies in the activity of Con A-induced suppressors, which is appreciably lowered in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis.

[Lipoprotein lipase activity and the content of free fatty acids in pig blood plasma].

Significant changes in the lipoproteid lipase activity are found in the blood plasma of different-age pigs whose diet contained low-molecular fatty acids. These changes are established to depend on the animal age as well as on the fatty acid utilization intensity and caloricity in different age groups.