Omics-driven onboarding of the carotenoid producing red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous CBS 6938.

Transcriptomics is a powerful approach for functional genomics and systems biology, yet it can also be used for genetic part discovery. Here, we derive constitutive and light-regulated promoters directly from transcriptomics data of the basidiomycete red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous CBS 6938 (anamorph Phaffia rhodozyma) and use these promoters with other genetic elements to create a modular synthetic biology parts collection for this organism. X.

Leveraging a Y. lipolytica naringenin chassis for biosynthesis of apigenin and associated glucoside.

Flavonoids are a diverse set of natural products with promising bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective properties. Previously, the oleaginous host Yarrowia lipolytica has been engineered to produce high titers of the base flavonoid naringenin. Here, we leverage this host along with a set of E.

A tripartite microbial co-culture system for de novo biosynthesis of diverse plant phenylpropanoids.

Plant-derived phenylpropanoids, in particular phenylpropenes, have diverse industrial applications ranging from flavors and fragrances to polymers and pharmaceuticals. Heterologous biosynthesis of these products has the potential to address low, seasonally dependent yields hindering ease of widespread manufacturing. However, previous efforts have been hindered by the inherent pathway promiscuity and the microbial toxicity of key pathway intermediates.

Engineered yeast genomes accurately assembled from pure and mixed samples.

Yeast whole genome sequencing (WGS) lacks end-to-end workflows that identify genetic engineering. Here we present Prymetime, a tool that assembles yeast plasmids and chromosomes and annotates genetic engineering sequences. It is a hybrid workflow-it uses short and long reads as inputs to perform separate linear and circular assembly steps.

Why do we go on screening?

As healthcare rules are becoming better organized and as vaccination against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections is arising, the conditions of cytological screening for cervical carcinoma may have to be modified in the near future. After reminding the Quality Control constraints of the Pap test and the technical and epidemiological conditions for the HPV detection as a precursor of cervical carcinoma, the present paper wishes to discuss the possible role of vaccine on the screening strategy.

Cervical carcinoma: conventional screening methods efficient enough?

Organized screening for cervical carcinoma has already demonstrated its efficiency in industrial countries but it still has to be better organized, particularly in developing countries. In the European Union, results may be improved thanks to more cooperation with Health authorities, enabling the pathologists to focus the risk evaluation and to broadcast recommendations about prevention on a population level.

CD-ROM transnational training program in cervical cytology (CYTOTRAIN).

The Transnational Training Programme in Cervical Cytology (CYTOTRAIN) is a 3-yr project funded by the European Commission to harmonize training and quality standards in cervical screening across the European Union. The aim of the program is to develop new approaches in initial and continuing vocational training, particularly in the area of life-long learning with the aim of meeting national, regional, and local needs. We present a new approach to training in cervical cytology, using an interactive program of cytological images.

Quality control in cytodiagnosis of carcinoma of the cervix.

In many European countries the morbidity and mortality due to cancer of the cervix are too high. Even in countries, where smears have been taken at regular intervals for many years, the percentage of new cases does not decrease as much as it was expected. There are several reasons that may explain this situation.

Expert consultation for cervical carcinoma smears. Reliability of selected-field videomicroscopy.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of videomicroscopy image selection for expert consultation in cervical cytology.

Study Design: One hundred diagnostically difficult cervical cytologic smears were selected and rescreened by a general pathologist who chose, from each slide, four or five fields featuring abnormal cells. Video images were digitized and stored on a 512 x 512-pixel matrix using an image acquisition and transmission system.

[Value of a computer-assisted screening method (PAPNET) for the detection of infectious cervico-uterine smears].

There have been several reports regarding the accuracy of the PAPNET system applied to the screening for cancerous and precancerous lesions. Based on neuronal networks, this computerized tool was initially trained to select atypical cells. It has been approved in the USA for the re-screening of cervical smears for quality assurance.

[Guidelines for the evaluation of internal quality control of smears for screening of uterine cancer in France in the structures of Pathologic Anatomy and Cytology. French Association for Quality Assurance in Pathologic Anatomy and Cytology (AFAQAP)--Commission for cervical smears].

A national organized mass-screening effective programme is the only way to reduce the risk of cervical cancer, if properly organized and correlated with a system of Quality Assurance. Since 1900, an Association for Quality Assurance was created by the French pathologists, named "AFAQAP". These pathologists thus demonstrated their interest in this kind of action that should be effective if women and clinicians are also implied.

[Telepathology and "small cells" in cervical-vaginal smears: a new tool for diagnosis and teaching?].

The identification of small cells in cervical/vaginal smears is usually considered as a difficult task, as well when they are examined through a classical light microscope or thanks to a teletransmission system. In this paper, we have compared both methods. 53 cases of smears with small cells were examined by two pathologists.

[The cervico-vaginal smear. What is new with the Papanicolaou method in 1996?].

Recently, quality control became one of the priorities of cytopathology applied to screening for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Taking into account the evolution of our knowledge and the progress of telematics in medicine, several new methods provided a potential benefit. The main ones were the following : telepathology, making distant transmission of microscope images possible, in order to require the opinion or advice of a more experienced colleague; an image data bank, illustrating typical or unusual images, as an aid to diagnosis and to teaching; computer assisted systems, able to process conventional smears and to optimize the detection of atypical cells, in order to reduce the number of false negatives.

Telepathology: a tool to aid in diagnosis and quality assurance in cervicovaginal cytology.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of a Teletransmission System with regard to quality of diagnosis and screening so as to establish its potential role in gynaecological cytology. Three aspects of its use in cytopathology have been considered: diagnosis, training, and quality control. The circumstances in which the system may be used for diagnosis, together with its advantages and disadvantages, are examined and discussed.

Quality control in cytopathology applied to screening for cervical carcinoma.

When screening for cervical carcinoma became one of the priorities of the European Community (1992), the "European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Cervical Cancer Screening" proposed an organisation of the screening program. In the following years, Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QC) was organized in many countries. The whole staff of the laboratory has to participate in the organization of Internal QC programs: errors must be detected in all categories of smears and the same terminology has to be adopted.

[Telecytoconsultation: application of the TRANSPATH system to the cervicovaginal pathology].

Telediagnosis in Cytology is possible and useful. As for histology it requires education to use this new tool and a new method to make a diagnosis, but also a rigorous behaviour. But for cytology, technical restrictions are more important: selection of adequate fields, magnification (a 60 x objective is necessary), illumination (specially for little round cells, in fact spheric ones), and a good knowledge of cytology of both partners to be used with accuracy.

[Lymphadenopathy of dermatosis in the course of drug hypersensitivity. Cytologic, immunohisto- and immunocytologic, ultrastructural aspects. Report of a case].

In addition to the morphological details obtained from the imprints, a simple immunocytological study allowed us to diagnose one case of a dermopathic lymphadenopathy simulating a T cell lymphoma, following a drug-induced erythrodermia. We were able to identify the increase of CD1a+ and Prot. S100+ cells on acetone fixed imprints.

[Computer-assisted rescreening of cervicovaginal smears stained by the Papanicolaou method. Evaluation of the PAPNET system apropos of 225 cases].

The risk of false-negative smears is currently the main criticism of conventional cytological diagnosis of cervical cancer. None of the palliative methods (rescreening of a certain number of smears, external and internal laboratory controls, screener's training, European recommendations for Quality Assurance ..