Synthesis and exploration of anticancer potential of spirocyclic 1,2,3-triazoline and aziridine derivatives of natural eudesmanolide isoalantolactone.

Eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactone isoalantolactone 1 is of great interest due to its availability, biological activity and synthetic application. Respective series of original spirocyclic (11S,5') (1,2,3-triazoline-eudesma-4,15-enolides) and (11S)-aziridine-eudesma-4,15-enolides were efficiently synthesized via a chemoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of organic azides to the exocyclic double bond of the lactone ring of isoalantolactone or 13E-(aryl)isoalantolactones by heating in DMF or toluene. The thermal reactions of isoalantolactone with benzyl azide, 2-azidoethanol, or n-butyl azide in 2-methoxyethanol afforded 13-(alkyamino)isoalantolactones formed as a mixture of (Z) and (E)-isomers.

Light Environment of Arctic Solstices is Coupled With Melatonin Phase-Amplitude Changes and Decline of Metabolic Health.

Light environment in the Arctic differs widely with the seasons. Studies of relationships between objectively measured circadian phase and amplitude of light exposure and melatonin in community-dwelling Arctic residents are lacking. This investigation combines cross-sectional (n = 24-62) and longitudinal (n = 13-27) data from week-long actigraphy (with light sensor), 24-h salivary melatonin profiles, and proxies of metabolic health.

Symmetric dimethylguanidino valeric acid, a novel single biomarker of hepatic steatosis.

There is an unmet need for a biomarker of liver fat. We identified dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV) as a circulating biomarker of liver fat. Here, we assess its two isoforms-symmetric (SDGV) and asymmetric (ADGV)-as biomarkers of steatosis.

Novel Core Gene Signature Associated with Inflammation-to-Metaplasia Transition in Influenza A Virus-Infected Lungs.

Respiratory infections caused by RNA viruses are a major contributor to respiratory disease due to their ability to cause annual epidemics with profound public health implications. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection can affect a variety of host signaling pathways that initiate tissue regeneration with hyperplastic and/or dysplastic changes in the lungs. Although these changes are involved in lung recovery after IAV infection, in some cases, they can lead to serious respiratory failure.

Complex Inhibitory Activity of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids against Cutaneous Melanoma In Vitro and In Vivo: A Literature Review and Reconstruction of Their Melanoma-Related Protein Interactome.

Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs) are a class of plant metabolites with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including strong antitumor potential against skin malignancies. By acting on multiple signaling pathways that control key cellular processes, PTs are able to exert complex effects on melanoma progression in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we have analyzed the works published in the past decade and devoted to the effects of PTs, both natural and semisynthetic, on cutaneous melanoma pathogenesis, including not only their direct action on melanoma cells but also their influence on the tumor microenvironment and abberant melanogenesis, often associated with melanoma aggressiveness.

Changes in the Tissue Barrier after Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide on the Apical Side of Enterocytes and the Follicle-Associated Epithelium in Peyer's Patches of the Rat Intestine.

To study the para- and transcellular permeability of columnar epithelium and follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches in the rat intestine, LPS was applied from the mucosal side to simulate the action of endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria of gut microbiota. LPS did not affect transepithelial resistance or sodium fluorescein permeability, but increased the levels of claudin-3 and claudin-4 in enterocytes, suggesting strengthening of the paracellular intestinal barrier. Transcellular permeability was evaluated by electron microscopy based on the number of vesicular structures in the cytoplasm of different cell types.

The Complex Web of Interferences With Thyroid Function Tests.

Objective: Thyroid disorders are common. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone is frequently measured and is the single best initial biomarker to diagnose thyroid disease. Automated immunoassays used to evaluate thyroid function are susceptible to interferences that can affect test results and therefore clinical decisions.

Early Radiation-Induced Changes in Lung Tissue and Intercellular Junctions: Implications for Tissue Repair and Fibrosis.

Early changes in lung tissue following ionizing radiation (IR) initiate processes that may lead to either regeneration or fibrosis. Intercellular junction proteins play a crucial role in the organization and function of epithelial tissues, both under normal conditions and after injuries. Alterations in the expression and localization of these proteins can influence the fate of epithelial cells.

Chronic Effects of Static Stretching Exercises on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis.

Background: The chronic effect of static stretching (SS) on muscle hypertrophy is still unclear. This study aimed to examine the chronic effects of SS exercises on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus databases up to July 2023.

Cholesterol lowering depletes atherosclerotic lesions of smooth muscle cell-derived fibromyocytes and chondromyocytes.

Drugs that lower plasma apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoproteins are central to treating advanced atherosclerosis and provide partial protection against clinical events. Previous research showed that lowering ApoB-containing lipoproteins stops plaque inflammation, but how these drugs affect the heterogeneous population of plaque cells derived from smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is unknown. SMC-derived cells are the main cellular component of atherosclerotic lesions and the source of structural components that determine the size of plaques and their propensity to rupture and trigger thrombosis, the proximate cause of heart attack and stroke.

Soloxolone -methylanilide effectively suppresses aggressive phenotype of glioblastoma cells including TGF-β1-induced glial-mesenchymal transition and inhibits growth of U87 glioblastoma xenografts in mice.

Soloxolone amides are semisynthetic triterpenoids that can cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit glioblastoma growth both and . Here we investigate the impact of these compounds on processes associated with glioblastoma invasiveness and therapy resistance. Screening of soloxolone amides against glioblastoma cells revealed the ability of compound (soloxolone -methylanilide) to inhibit transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced glial-mesenchymal transition Compound inhibited morphological changes, wound healing, transwell migration, and expression of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, fibronectin, Slug) in TGF-β1-induced U87 and U118 glioblastoma cells, while restoring their adhesiveness.

Why should the Next Generation of Youth Guidelines Prioritize Vigorous Physical Activity?

The health benefits of regular physical activity (PA) in youth are well-documented. Yet the adherence rate to PA guidelines among youth worldwide is alarmingly deficient with only 19% of youth worldwide adhering to the World Health Organization guidelines. This is reflective of a global proliferation of a physical inactivity pandemic among youth.

Influence of acid and thermal treatment on regeneration of spent bleaching clay and conversion of residual oil to biodiesel.

Spent bleaching clay (SBC) is a hazardous waste produced by vegetable oil refining industries. SBC contains a residual oil (RO) with a lot of organic and inorganic impurities and its disposal leads to severe environmental consequences. In this study, SBC regeneration by extraction, acid modification and pyrolysis under various conditions and biodiesel production were studied.

Salt concentration in substrate modulates the composition of bacterial and yeast microbiomes of .

Microbiomes influence the physiology and behavior of multicellular organisms and contribute to their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. However, yeast and bacterial microbiota have usually been studied separately; therefore, the interaction between bacterial and yeast communities in the gut of () is often overlooked. In this study, we investigate the correlation between bacterial and yeast communities in the gut of .

Evolution of Longevity in Tetrapods: Safety Is More Important than Metabolism Level.

Various environmental morphological and behavioral factors can determine the longevity of representatives of various taxa. Long-lived species develop systems aimed at increasing organism stability, defense, and, ultimately, lifespan. Long-lived species to a different extent manifest the factors favoring longevity (gerontological success), such as body size, slow metabolism, activity of body's repair and antioxidant defense systems, resistance to toxic substances and tumorigenesis, and presence of neotenic features.

Comparative Analysis of Sleep Hygiene and Patterns among Adolescents in Two Russian Arctic Regions: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: The circumpolar habitat stands as one of the most vulnerable environments for human activity and health. The primary study objective was to compare sleep-related factors, light exposure, social cues, and potential confounding variables among schoolchildren residing in the European Arctic region from two settlements situated below and above the Polar Circle using validated self-reported questionnaires.

Materials And Methods: We recruited 94 children aged 13-15 years (40.

Transcriptional Levels of Intercellular Junction Proteins in an Alveolar Epithelial Cell Line Exposed to Irradiation or Bleomycin.

We performed a comparative study of the effects of X-ray irradiation and bleomycin on the mRNA levels of E-cadherin and tight junction proteins (claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-18, ZO-2, and occludin) in an alveolar epithelial cell line L2. Irradiation decreased claudin-4 levels and increased occludin levels, while the levels of other mRNAs remained unchanged. Bleomycin increased the expression levels of all proteins examined except claudin-3.

mRNA Levels of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Markers in Lung Epithelial Cell Lines.

Background: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important physiologic process that determines the outcome of lung tissue healing after injury. Stimuli and molecular cascades inducing EMT lead to up-regulation of the mesenchymal-specific genes in the alveolar epithelial cells and to down-regulation of the genes coding for epithelial markers. Alveolar epithelial cell lines are commonly used as in vitro models to study processes occurring in the lung tissue.

Reliability of assessing skeletal muscle architecture and tissue organization of the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis muscle using ultrasound and spatial frequency analysis.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate inter- and intra-rater reliability as well as the inter-rater interpretation error of ultrasound measurements assessing skeletal muscle architecture and tissue organization of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle.

Methods: The GM and VL of 13 healthy adults (22 ± 3 years) were examined thrice with sagittal B-mode ultrasound: intraday test-retest examination by one investigator (intra-rater) and separate examinations by two investigators (inter-rater). Additionally, images from one investigator were analysed by two interpretators (interpretation error).

Synthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles by the Gas Condensation Method in a Non-Contact Crucible and Their Physical-Chemical Characterization.

This work explored the zinc nanoparticles obtained by the one-stage induction flow levitation method. A 10 kW tube generator with an operating frequency of 440 kHz was used. The process used 8 mm diameter zinc granules (2 g weight) with a purity of 99.

Blue Light and Temperature Actigraphy Measures Predicting Metabolic Health Are Linked to Melatonin Receptor Polymorphism.

This study explores the relationship between the light features of the Arctic spring equinox and circadian rhythms, sleep and metabolic health. Residents (N = 62) provided week-long actigraphy measures, including light exposure, which were related to body mass index (BMI), leptin and cortisol. Lower wrist temperature (wT) and higher evening blue light exposure (BLE), expressed as a novel index, the nocturnal excess index (NEI), were the most sensitive actigraphy measures associated with BMI.

Chronic Ouabain Targets Pore-Forming Claudin-2 and Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Damage to the Rat Intestinal Tissue Barrier.

Ionizing radiation (IR) causes disturbances in the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Given the therapeutic potential of ouabain, a specific ligand of the Na,K-ATPase, we tested its ability to protect against IR-induced disturbances in the barrier and transport properties of the jejunum and colon of rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 6-day intraperitoneal injections of vehicle or ouabain (1 µg/kg/day).