Gender Differences and the Influence of Body Composition on Land and Pool-Based Assessments of Anaerobic Power and Capacity.

Consistent differences between males and females have been shown in land-based measurements of anaerobic power and capacity. However, these differences have not been investigated for a tethered 30-s maximal swimming test (TST). The purpose of this study is to explore gender differences in land and pool-based assessments of anaerobic power (Fpeak) and capacity (Fmean), as well as the influence of body composition.

Score-based immunoglobulin G therapy of patients with sepsis: the SBITS study.

Objective: Intravenous immunoglobulin as an adjunctive treatment in sepsis was regarded as promising by a Cochrane meta-analysis of smaller trials. In this phase III multicenter trial, we assessed whether intravenous immunoglobulin G (ivIgG) reduced 28-day mortality and improved morbidity in patients with score-defined severe sepsis.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.

[Nephrology-part 3: Urinary tract infections].

Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial infectious diseases in humans. Depending on the localization and the effectiveness of pathogenetic factors, various clinical pictures (lower urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, asymptomatic bacteriuria) have to be differentiated. There are virulence factors of microorganisms on the one hand and defense mechanisms on the other, which influence the manifestation and the course of disease.

Formation and cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi spheroplast-L-form variants.

As clinical persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with active Lyme borreliosis occurs despite obviously adequate antibiotic therapy, in vitro investigations of morphological variants and atypical forms of B. burgdorferi were undertaken. In an attempt to learn more about the variation of B.

Kill kinetics of Borrelia burgdorferi and bacterial findings in relation to the treatment of Lyme borreliosis.

For a better understanding of the persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) after antibiotic therapy the kinetics of killing B.

Antibiotic therapy of early European Lyme borreliosis and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans.

In a study on 121 consecutive patients with erythema migrans, 65 patients obtained oral penicillin, 36 tetracyclines, and 20 amoxicillin-clavulanic-acid. Follow-up was carried out for a median of 29, 17, and 7 months, respectively. In another limited trial on 29 patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA), 14 patients received oral penicillin, 9 parenteral penicillin, and 6 tetracyclines.

Listeria monocytogenes infections--therapeutic possibilities and problems.

Listeriosis in humans is a rare disease, which, however, is known to be epidemic and endemic. The prognosis has remained unsatisfactory up to today, the fatality being at least 10% and often considerably higher depending on the clinical features of the disease and the patient's age. Three population groups are at risk: pregnant women, fetuses and newborn infants.

[Lipoid A antibody titer in the human].

Lipid A is the toxic component of endotoxin in gram-negative bacteria. Antibodies to lipid A are not usually found in healthy persons (or only at a low titer) without a corresponding history of infection. Even gram-negative septicemia is found to be accompanied by only low titers.

[Antibodies to lipoid A in the treatment of septic shock].

The protective effect of high-titer anti-lipid A hyperimmune globulin with respect to the course of the disease and the mortality rate was studied in patients with septicemia verified by positive blood cultures. Six patients were treated with anti-lipid A in an open study. Dramatic improvement in fever curves and clinical condition in some of the patients encouraged us to start a randomized double blind study.

[Lipoid A antibody titer in humans].

Lipid A is the toxic component of endotoxin in gram-negative bacteria. Antibodies to lipid A are not usually found in healthy persons (or only at a low titer) without a corresponding history of infection. Even gram-negative septicemia is found to be accompanied by only low titers.

Relevance of vesico-ureteric reflux in development of lipid A antibodies in recurrent urinary tract infections in children--a preliminary study.

The serum titres of IgG and IgM antibodies to lipid A were measured in 24 children with chronic pyelonephritis (PN), 55 with recurrent lower urinary tract infections (LUTI), 13 with gram-negative sepsis (S), and in 50 control children using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Children ranged in age from 1 month-17 years. Patients with PN were differentiated by the presence or absence of an acute infectious episode and/or vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR).

What is the role of lipid A in the development of pyelonephritis? A hypothesis.

From the studies of Westenfelder et al. and our own studies of the presence of lipid A antibodies in the upper and lower urinary tract infections, it can be concluded that chronic pyelonephritis is a lipid A induced disease. This hypothesis is based on the distinct statistically different antibody production in upper urinary tract infection in contrast to lower urinary tract infection, the persistence of lipid A in renal tissue, as well as the induction of lipid A nephritis in puppies.

[Antibody to lipoid A in the treatment of septic shock].

The protective effect of high-titer anti-lipid A hyperimmune globulin with respect to the course of the disease and the mortality rate was studied in patients with septicemia verified by positive blood cultures. Six patients were treated with anti-lipid A in an open study. Dramatic improvement in fever curves and clinical condition in some of the patients encouraged us to start a randomized double blind study.

[A cross-over study on the effectiveness of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin administered orally].

Efficacy of Oral Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. Cross-over Study. The efficacy of the 4-quinolones ciprofloxacin (CPX) and ofloxacin (OFX) was studied in a cross-over study.

Preliminary study on administration of high-titer lipid A antibody serum in sepsis and septic shock patients.

To determine whether sera containing high titers of lipid A antibody may be applicable at effective doses in treating patients with septicemia, a pharmacokinetic study was performed in seven patients aged 24 to 73 years with gram-negative septicemia and various underlying diseases, one of whom received a placebo, and in one patient without infection. In this study, we attempted to determine the effective dosage, the number of infusions and appropriate administration interval for the prevention and treatment of endotoxin shock. Blood samples from each patient were tested for lipid A antibodies before and at regular intervals after administration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

[Bacterial adhesion to buccal epithelial cells as a permanent indicator of recurrent urinary tract infections].

Adhesion of a 3H-thymidine-labeled reference strain of enterococci to epithelial cells of buccal mucosa from 20 young female patients with rec. UTI (aged 3 to 15 years) and 19 urologically healthy girls was investigated. Bacterial attachment in children with rec.

Lipid A antibody determinations using ELISA on patients at a children's hospital: a preliminary report.

Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we studied the IgG and IgM antibody titers in various groups of pediatric patients (n = 81) infected with gram-negative organisms. Unlike the control group (n = 12), IgG antibodies were detected in only five (all under four months of age) of 19 children with sepsis. We assume that either the IgG antibodies are used up during the infection, or the lack of IgG antibodies results in a disposition to sepsis; the latter is more probable.