Predicting Prolonged Hospital Stays in Elderly Patients With Hip Fractures Managed During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile: An Artificial Neural Networks Study.

Prolonged length of stay (LOS) after a hip fracture is associated with increased mortality. We sought to create a model to predict prolonged LOS in elderly Chilean patients with hip fractures managed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing an official database, we created an artificial neural network (ANN), a computational model corresponding to a subset of machine learning, to predict prolonged LOS (≥14 days) among 2686 hip fracture patients managed in 43 Chilean public hospitals during 2020.

Consequences of the COVID-19 Syndemic for Nutritional Health: A Systematic Review.

Confinement at home, quarantine, and social distancing are some measures adopted worldwide to prevent the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), which has been generating an important alteration in the routines and qualities of life of people. The impact on health is still being evaluated, and consequences in the nutritional field are not entirely clear. The study objective was to evaluate the current evidence about the impact that preventive measures of physical contact restriction causes in healthy nutrition.

BM-MSCs differentiated to chondrocytes for treatment of full-thickness cartilage defect of the knee.

Background: Full-thickness articular cartilage injury of the knee is a major cause of disability. The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of patients treated with differentiated to chondrocytes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) cultured on a collagen type I/III (Chondro-Gide®) scaffold. The secondary aim was to confirm the absence of adverse events.

The Effect of Resection Size in the Treatment of Cam-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement in the Typical Patient With Hip Arthroscopy: A Biomechanical Analysis.

Background: Arthroscopic osteochondroplasty may improve range of motion and relieve pain in patients with symptomatic hip impingement. Femoral neck fracture is a risk of this procedure because of the weakening of the proximal femur. To our knowledge, there are no biomechanical studies in young human cadaveric bone evaluating the effect of osteochondroplasty on femoral neck strength.

Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head by core decompression and implantation of fully functional ex vivo-expanded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a proof-of-concept study.

Background: Based on several attributes involved in bone formation, bone marrow-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been employed in the treatment of patients suffering from femoral head osteonecrosis. Due to the low content of MSCs in the bone marrow, ex vivo expansion procedures are utilized to increase the cell number. Customarily, before administration of the resulting expanded cell product MSCs to the patient, its cellular identity is usually evaluated according to a set of "minimal phenotypic" markers, which are not modified by ex vivo processing.

Comparative study of the neural differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells from different tissue sources: An approach for their use in neural regeneration therapies.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can trans/differentiate to neural precursors and/or mature neurons and promote neuroprotection and neurogenesis. The above could greatly benefit neurodegenerative disorders as well as in the treatment of post-traumatic and hereditary diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). In order to attain an ideal source of adult MSCs for the treatment of CNS diseases, adipose tissue, bone marrow, skin and umbilical cord derived MSCs were isolated and studied to explore differences with regard to neural differentiation capacity.

Knotless Anchors in Acetabular Labral Repair: A Biomechanical Comparison.

Purpose: To analyze the failure mechanism, stiffness, and pullout strength of acetabular knotless suture anchors.

Methods: Seven suture anchors were tested in high-density (0.48 g/cc) synthetic blocks.

Dickkopf-1 reduces hypertrophic changes in human chondrocytes derived from bone marrow stem cells.

The in vitro process of chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induces a pre-apoptotic hypertrophic phenotype, guided by the active status of the WNT/β‑catenin pathway. To achieve a stable chondrocyte phenotype for cartilage tissue engineering, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of specific genes that regulate the cartilage tissue phenotype. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of tissue samples from bone, cartilage, growth plate and muscle show that Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a natural WNT canonical signaling inhibitor, is expressed in cartilage tissue.

Use of Three-dimensional Printing in Orthopaedic Surgical Planning.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a technique based on overlapping layers of a material (eg, plastic, clay, and metal). The widespread implementation of 3D printers has resulted in a notable increase in use. Fields such as construction, engineering, and medicine benefit from this technique.

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis.

This study was performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the intra-articular infusion of expanded autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) to a cohort of patients with articular cartilage defects in the hip. The above rationale is sustained by the notion that MSCs express a chondrocyte differential potential and produce extracellular matrix molecules as well as regulatory signals, that may well contribute to cure the function of the damaged hip joint. A cohort of 10 patients with functional and radiological evidences of hip osteoarthritis, either in one or both legs, was included in the study.

Comparative analysis of kinesiotherapy rehabilitation after hip arthroscopy, quantified by harris and vail hip scores: a retrospective study.

Background: It has been proven that femoroacetabular impingement cases improve following arthroscopic surgery. However, rehabilitation has a major role in the patient's recovery. The protocol used by our institution consists of an evidence-based guideline for the different phases of rehabilitation.

Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement in patients older than 60 years.

Background: The indications of hip arthroscopy increased over the past decade. Although mostly recommended for treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in young patients, well-selected older patients (> 60 years old) may benefit from this surgery. However, the role of hip arthroscopy for the management of older patients is controversial.

Arthroscopic release of iliopsoas tendon in patients with femoro-acetabular impingement: clinical results at mid-term follow-up.

Background: The iliopsoas tendon is a recognized cause of extra-articular hip pain, and tenotomy has been described as an effective treatment in patients who do not respond to conservative treatments. Endoscopic release showed higher success rate, lower recurrence, fewer complications compared to open surgery. The aim of the study is to report the results at a mean of 4 years follow-up of a series of patients affected by femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and an associated iliopsoas tendinopathy, treated with hip arthroscopy and transcapsular tendon release.

Cell therapy for cartilage defects of the hip.

Background: Chondral injuries are commonly related to poor clinical outcome, but recent data showed some improvements in function and pain after hip arthroscopy. Cell-based therapies represent an appealing alternative strategy for cartilage regeneration, and interesting results have been recently reported after intra-articular injections of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The results of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and intra-articular injections of autologous expanded bone marrow - MSCs (BM-MSCs) are reported in this retrospective study.

Biological Therapies for Cartilage Lesions in the Hip: A New Horizon.

Treatment of hip cartilage disease is challenging, and there is no clear algorithm to address this entity. Biomarkers are arising as promising diagnostic tools because they could play a role in the early assessment of the prearthritic joint and as a prognostic factor before and after treatment. The potential effect of biomarkers may be used to categorize individuals at risk of evolving to severe osteoarthritis, to develop new measures for clinical progression of the disease, and to develop new treatment options for the prevention of osteoarthritis progression.

Cartilage restoration technique of the hip.

Hip cartilage lesions represent a diagnostic challenge and can be an elusive source of pain. Treatment may present difficulties due to localization and spherical form of the joint and is most commonly limited to excision, debridement, thermal chondroplasty and microfractures. This chapter will focus in new technologies to enhance the standard techniques.

Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Approaches for Cartilage Repair and/or Regeneration.

Articular cartilage injuries caused by traumatic, mechanical and/or by progressive degeneration result in pain, swelling, subsequent loss of joint function and finally osteoarthritis. Due to the peculiar structure of the tissue (no blood supply), chondrocytes, the unique cellular phenotype in cartilage, receive their nutrition through diffusion from the synovial fluid and this limits their intrinsic capacity for healing. The first cellular avenue explored for cartilage repair involved the in situ transplantation of isolated chondrocytes.

Treatment of patellofemoral chondropathy with the Bandi tibial tubercle osteotomy More than 10years follow-up.

Isolated degenerative patellofemoral chondropathy is a prevalent disease. There is still controversy regarding its ideal type of management. A retrospective study was performed to assess the outcomes of 28 patients with a minimum of 10-year follow-up, in whom the Bandi tibial tubercle osteotomy was performed.

Anterior and Posterior Femoral Head-Neck Offset Ratio in the Cam Impingement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the anterior-posterior offset ratio is altered in patients with symptomatic cam impingement.

Study Design: Preoperative radiographs of 15 symptomatic patients with isolated cam-type impingement diagnosed by physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging arthrogram (MRIA) and confirmed by hip arthroscopy findings were assessed. Fifteen asymptomatic volunteers made up the control group.

Efficacy of Osseous Abnormalities Correction with Arthroscopic Surgery in Femoroacetabular Impingement.

Unlabelled: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by subtle abnormal morphology of the proximal femur and/or the acetabulum that leads to abnormal contact between the femoral neck and the acetabular rim during the hip range of motion. Traditionally, FAI has been managed safely and effectively with surgical hip dislocation; less invasive arthroscopic techniques are now being used to an increasing extent, trying to emulate the results of the open technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic results of arthroscopic acetabular rim trimming and femoral osteochondroplasty in FAI.

Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement in Patients over 60 Years Old: Preliminary Report of a Pilot Study.

The objective was to evaluate short-term outcomes of patients of more than 60 years old, who underwent arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The study design was a nonrandomized controlled clinical trial; this was a prospective study in 15 patients (15 hips) over 60 years old. Inclusion criteria were symptomatic FAI, no prior surgeries of the affected hip, and osteoarthritis Tonnis classification grade I or II.

[Femoroacetabular impingement as a cause of inguinal pain].

Femoro-acetabular impingement is an anatomical disturbance of the hip, caused by a deformity of the acetabulum, femur or both that causes an abnormal contact between both structures during certain movements. Its prevalence is 10 to 15% and causes chronic inguinal pain. It can be confused with several other causes of inguinal pain such as hernias, facet syndromes, a renal colic, etc.

Cultured autologous bone marrow stem cells inhibit bony fusion in a rabbit model of posterolateral lumbar fusion with autologous bone graft.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from various tissues and expanded in culture. MSCs add osteogenic potential to ceramic scaffolds when used together. A spinal fusion rabbit model was used to evaluate whether a pellet of cultured, autologous bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) with osteogenic differentiation could increase the fusion rate when co-grafted with an autologous bone graft compared to autograft alone.