Developmental signals control chromosome segregation fidelity during pluripotency and neurogenesis by modulating replicative stress.

Human development relies on the correct replication, maintenance and segregation of our genetic blueprints. How these processes are monitored across embryonic lineages, and why genomic mosaicism varies during development remain unknown. Using pluripotent stem cells, we identify that several patterning signals-including WNT, BMP, and FGF-converge into the modulation of DNA replication stress and damage during S-phase, which in turn controls chromosome segregation fidelity in mitosis.

Targeting Relevant HDACs to Support the Survival of Cone Photoreceptors in Inherited Retinal Diseases: Identification of a Potent Pharmacological Tool with In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy.

Inherited retinal diseases, which include retinitis pigmentosa, are a family of genetic disorders characterized by gradual rod-cone degeneration and vision loss, without effective pharmacological treatments. Experimental approaches aim to delay disease progression, supporting cones' survival, crucial for human vision. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate the activation of epigenetic and nonepigenetic pathways that modulate cone degeneration in RP mouse models.

Can CT or MRI volumetry substitute scintigraphy in living kidney donor evaluation? A systematic review.

Background: Current potential living kidney donor's assessment includes functional and anatomical evaluation. Scintigraphy is recommended in some cases and some centers include this test in the donor's protocol. Recent studies advocate for the avoidance of this test as CT or MRI volumetry showed to accurately assess donor's renal function.

A multi-institutional European comparative study of open versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation in children with high grade (IV-V) vesicoureteral reflux.

Introduction: Traditionally, open ureteral reimplantation (OUR) has been the standard treatment for primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) requiring reimplantation. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation (RALUR) is gaining popularity and high success rates have been reported.

Objective: In this multi-institutional study, we aimed to compare the perioperative and postoperative outcomes of OUR and RALUR for high-grade (IV + V) VUR in children.

Spatial transcriptomics map of the embryonic mouse brain - a tool to explore neurogenesis.

The developing brain has a well-organized anatomical structure comprising different types of neural and non-neural cells. Stem cells, progenitors and newborn neurons tightly interact with their neighbouring cells and tissue microenvironment, and this intricate interplay ultimately shapes the output of neurogenesis. Given the relevance of spatial cues during brain development, we acknowledge the necessity for a spatial transcriptomics map accessible to the neurodevelopmental community.

Mobility and Sporting Activity After Renal Trauma: A Survey Regarding Best Clinical Practice During the Recovery Stage.

Objective: To evaluate strategies that are followed after pediatric renal trauma during the recovery stage, with an emphasis on mobility and involvement in subsequent sporting activities. Renal trauma is the most common urogenital trauma in children. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) scale is most commonly used to stratify the severity of injury.

Neuropsychiatric Developmental Disorders in Children Are Associated With an Impaired Response to Treatment in Bladder Bowel Dysfunction: A Prospective Multi-Institutional European Observational Study.

Purpose: Bladder and bowel dysfunction is a common but underdiagnosed pediatric entity which may represent up to 47% of pediatric urology consults. The objectives of this observational study were to determine functional 1-year outcomes following standard treatment of bladder and bowel dysfunction in both control and neuropsychiatric developmental disorder groups using validated questionnaires, and to perform an initial cost analysis.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted across a number of academic European centers (July 2020-November 2022) for new bladder and bowel dysfunction patients.

Targeting fatty acid oxidation via Acyl-CoA binding protein hinders glioblastoma invasion.

The diffuse nature of Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors poses a challenge to current therapeutic options. We have previously shown that Acyl-CoA Binding Protein (ACBP, also known as DBI) regulates lipid metabolism in GBM cells, favoring fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Here we show that ACBP downregulation results in wide transcriptional changes affecting invasion-related genes.

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-positive psychiatric in-patients: A case-control study in the psychiatric wards of a Great Metropolitan Hospital in Milan.

During the first Covid-19 outbreak, the Niguarda Hospital of Milan featured two Psychiatry wards, one for SARS-CoV-2 positive patient and one for patients requiring hospitalization and negative for SARS-CoV-2. The two groups of patients were compared and were similar in distribution of psychiatric diagnosis, duration of illness and previous hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 positive participants had a lower severity of symptoms both at admission and discharge, a lower frequency of psychotic symptoms and substance intoxication at admission.

Importance of urodynamic evaluation of bladder function after secondary untethering in spina bifida patients: single center experience of 30 years.

Introduction: A TCS after primary closure of meningomyeloceles is a known complication of the spina bifida disease. Data on the outcome after SSCU surgery is heterogeneous and lacking standardization. Thus we aimed to find a reliable system for assessment of the bladder function before and after SSCU surgery and document postoperative outcome.

Implementation of Routine Endoscopy with Narrow Band Imaging in the Evaluation of Oral and Upper Airways Lesions in Oral Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Preliminary Study.

(1) Background: The aim of our study is to investigate the main oral lesion patterns in patients with oral graft-versus-host disease and to describe and validate the use of endoscopy enhanced with narrow-band imaging (NBI) as a personalized, reliable and user-friendly tool for the early detection of oral potentially diseases. (2) Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 20 patients with chronic GVHD and with oral manifestations, who were referred to our "Interdisciplinary Center for Oropharyngeal Pathology (CIPO)" from January 2017 to July 2022. (3) Results: Data on GVHD, oral localization and NBI endoscopic evaluation are collected.

Diazepam binding inhibitor governs neurogenesis of excitatory and inhibitory neurons during embryonic development via GABA signaling.

Of the neurotransmitters that influence neurogenesis, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an outstanding role, and GABA receptors support non-synaptic signaling in progenitors and migrating neurons. Here, we report that expression levels of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), an endozepine that modulates GABA signaling, regulate embryonic neurogenesis, affecting the long-term outcome regarding the number of neurons in the postnatal mouse brain. We demonstrate that DBI is highly expressed in radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells in the germinal zones of the embryonic mouse brain that give rise to excitatory and inhibitory cells.

Determining the level of cervical radiculopathy: Agreement between visual inspection of pain drawings and magnetic resonance imaging.

Background And Aims: Pain drawings are commonly used in the clinical assessment of people with cervical radiculopathy. This study aimed to assess (1) the agreement of clinical interpretation of pain drawings and MRI findings in identifying the affected level of cervical radiculopathy, (2) the agreement of these predictions based on the pain drawing among four clinicians from two different professions (i.e.

Case Report: Unusual Heterotopic Ossification of the Hindfoot.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathologic condition in which aberrant lamellar bone deposits in soft tissues, outside of the normal skeleton. Pathogenesis is still unclear, but different risk factors are known. Here we report a case of a 14 year-old girl presenting with pain in the medial calcaneal region and evidence of a rapidly growing, firm and solid neoformation.

Guidance for the Interpretation of Continual Cuffless Blood Pressure Data for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension.

Hypertension remains the leading risk factor for death worldwide. Despite its prevalence, success of blood pressure (BP) management efforts remains elusive, and part of the difficulty lies in the tool still used to diagnose, measure, and treat hypertension: the sphygmomanometer introduced by Samuel Siegfried Karl von Basch in 1867. In recent years, there has been an explosion of devices attempting to provide estimates of BP without a cuff, overcoming many limitations of cuff-based BP monitors.

Neurological complications in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: Incidence, characteristics and long-term follow-up in a multicenter series.

Neurological complications (NCs) represent a diagnostic and clinical challenge in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) patients. We retrospectively analyzed NC incidence, etiology, timing, characteristics, outcome, and long-term effects in 2384 adult patients transplanted in seven Italian institutions between January 2007 and December 2019. Ninety-three (3.

Improvement of bladder function after bladder augmentation surgery: a report of 26 years of clinical experience.

Introduction: To assess the long-term effect of bladder augmentation surgery in patients with spina bifida and to identify risk factors for severe bladder dysfunction requiring bladder augmentation.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 178 patients with spina bifida, 23 of them underwent bladder augmentation. Surgery outcome was evaluated according to urodynamic assessments at three follow-up time points per patient up to 120 months postoperatively.

Retinal Plasticity.

Brain plasticity is a well-established concept designating the ability of central nervous system (CNS) neurons to rearrange as a result of learning, when adapting to changeable environmental conditions or else while reacting to injurious factors. As a part of the CNS, the retina has been repeatedly probed for its possible ability to respond plastically to a variably altered environment or to pathological insults. However, numerous studies support the conclusion that the retina, outside the developmental stage, is endowed with only limited plasticity, exhibiting, instead, a remarkable ability to maintain a stable architectural and functional organization.