Perspectives on Half-Century of Combat Casualty Care in the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps.

Background: Military medicine has evolved significantly over the past 50 years, advancing from basic treatments and limited evacuations to sophisticated combat casualty care. Innovations such as hemorrhage control, early blood product administration, and telemedicine have greatly improved battlefield care. Rapid evacuation systems and skilled medical teams have reduced mortality and morbidity rates.

Uncovering the Hidden: Investigating Influences on Sexual Victimization Among 439 Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals Behind Bars.

Despite repeated reports of sexual victimization by transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people who are incarcerated, there remains little literature on the source of this sexual assault and the factors that heightened likelihood of experiencing assault while incarcerated. The current research ( = 439) is the first known study aimed at understanding whether individual and state-level factors influence sexual assault while incarcerated. Utilizing data from the 2015 United States Transgender Survey and Malkin and DeJong's (2018) PREA compliance study, analyses were conducted to understand whether individual differences and the number of transgender-specific PREA policies were associated with the likelihood of experiencing sexual assault while incarcerated.

Applying General Strain Theory to the Relationship Between Strain from Another Person's Gambling Behavior and Gambling Disorder.

Prior research has identified a host of factors that increase the likelihood that an individual will develop problem gambling, clinically diagnosed as Gambling Disorder (GD), most of which would be identified by criminologists as "strains" under the framework of General Strain Theory (GST). This study utilizes propositions from GST to determine whether strain from another person's gambling may be related to why people develop GD and whether gender is a moderating factor in this relationship. Secondary data is analyzed to assess levels of strain individuals experience from another person's gambling behavior, its relationship to the individual's risk of Gambling Disorder, and the role gender plays in this relationship.

Phase 2 Study of Sorafenib, Valproic Acid, and Sildenafil in the Treatment of Recurrent High-Grade Glioma.

Here we report the results of a single-center phase 2 clinical trial combining sorafenib tosylate, valproic acid, and sildenafil for the treatment of patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (NCT01817751). Clinical toxicities were grade 1 and grade 2, with one grade 3 toxicity for maculopapular rash (6.4%).

Couple-Years of Protection Indicator: New Global Guidance for Updating Existing Methods and Adding New Methods.

Background: Couple-years of protection (CYP) is an indicator that allows for monitoring and evaluating of family planning (FP) program performance through simple calculations. The CYP for each contraceptive method is calculated by multiplying the number of contraceptive commodity units distributed to clients over a 1-year period by a conversion factor that quantifies the duration of contraceptive protection provided per unit distributed. CYP calculations across methods were previously updated in 2000 and 2011, resulting in changes in methodology, factor inclusion, and specific methods.

Patient-reported outcomes on sleep quality and circadian rhythm during treatment with intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant depression.

Background: Intravenous (IV) ketamine is a rapid acting antidepressant used primarily for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). It has been suggested that IV ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects may be partially mediated improved sleep and changes to the circadian rhythm.

Objectives: This study explores IV ketamine's association with changes in patient-reported sleep quality and circadian rhythm in an adult population with TRD.

Gambling Behavior Among LGBTQ + Individuals: The Role of Gender and Gender Identity.

While past literature suggests that LGBTQ + individuals may be at a greater risk for gambling related-harms and addiction, few studies have specifically looked at gambling behavior among LGBTQ + persons based on gender and gender identity. A study of LGBTQ + individuals in four U.S.

Problem Gambling and Sexual Minority Individuals: Evaluating Influence of Age and Comorbid Mental Health and Substance Use Problems.

Little is known about the prevalence of problem gambling among sexual minority individuals. The present study utilized an epidemiological sample, including individuals identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual, and pansexual, to explore gambling behavior and problems and associated mental health and comorbid conditions that may contribute to elevated risk. Bivariate comparisons found that sexual minority individuals had higher rates of problem gambling, alcohol and substance use problems, anxiety, depression, and a wide range of problem behaviors (e.

Disease-Based Prognostication: Neuro-Oncology.

Primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors, while relatively rare, are a disproportionate source of morbidity and mortality. Here we provide a brief overview of approaches to modeling important clinical outcomes, such as overall survival, that are critical for clinical care. Because there are a large number of histologically distinct types of primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors, this chapter will provide an overview of prognostication considerations on the most common primary non-malignant brain tumor, meningioma, and the most common primary malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma.

Low-titer group O whole blood in military ground ambulances: Lessons from the Israel Defense Forces initial experience.

Background: Cold-stored low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) has become increasingly utilised in both prehospital and in-hospital settings for resuscitation of traumatic haemorrhage. However, implementing the use of LTOWB to ground medical teams has been limited due to logistic challenges.

Methods: In 2022, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) started using LTOWB in ambulances for the first time in Israel.

Close-Range Fire Inflicting Behind Armor Blunt Trauma: Case-Series and Implications for Battlefield Care.

Behind armor blunt trauma (BABT) is a non-penetrating injury caused by energy transfer and rapid deformation of protective body armor. Although modern military body armor is designed to prevent penetrating trunk injuries, high-energy projectiles can produce a significant energy transfer to tissues behind the armor and inflict injuries such as fractures or organ contusions. However, knowledge of BABT is limited to biomechanical and cadaver modeling studies and rare case reports.

Defining Collective Priorities: Research and Learning Agendas for Family Planning Across 6 Countries.

Evidence should be the foundation for a well-designed family planning (FP) program, but existing evidence is rarely aligned with and/or synthesized to speak directly to FP programmatic needs. Based on our experience cocreating FP research and learning agendas (FP RLAs) in Côte d'Ivoire, Malawi, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, and Uganda, we argue that FP RLAs can drive the production of coordinated research that aligns with national priorities.To cocreate FP RLAs, stakeholders across 6 countries conducted desk reviews of 349 documents and 106 key informant interviews, organized consultation meetings in each country to prioritize evidence gaps and generate research and learning questions, and, ultimately, formed 6 FP RLAs comprising 190 unique questions.

Adopting a culture of remote damage control resuscitation in the military: Insights from the Israel defense forces decade of experience.

Background: Remote damage control resuscitation (RDCR) aims to apply the principles of damage control resuscitation to prehospital and austere care, emphasizing early control of compressible hemorrhage, balanced volume resuscitation, and the prevention or correction of coagulopathy, acidosis, hypothermia, and hypocalcemia. Over the past decades, the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps (IDF-MC) has made significant efforts to integrate the principles of RDCR into prehospital trauma care in the military.

Study Design And Methods: In this article, we reflect on the implementation of RDCR in the prehospital setting by the IDF-MC, sharing successes, challenges, considerations on guideline changes, and their assessment over time.

"PrEP should be available all the time and everywhere": A qualitative assessment of family planning and PrEP integration in Lesotho.

Background: Lesotho has a high HIV burden, with women disproportionately affected. Increased access points for HIV prevention services, including oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), should be considered. Using family planning (FP) settings for PrEP services may contribute to greater uptake of HIV prevention methods.

Adapting High Impact Practices in Family Planning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences From Kenya, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe.

Background: We describe how High Impact Practices (HIPs) in family planning (FP) were adapted across Kenya, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe to maintain access to services in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: Using a qualitative data collection tool structured around 3 HIP categories (service delivery, demand creation, and enabling environment), adaptations in FP programs during the pandemic were documented. We describe adaptations made to 3 specific HIPs: mobile outreach, community health workers, and digital health for social and behavior change.

tRNA Function and Dysregulation in Cancer.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a central component of protein synthesis and plays important roles in epigenetic regulation of gene expression in tumors. tRNAs are also involved in many cell processes including cell proliferation, cell signaling pathways and stress response, implicating a role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The complex role of tRNA in cell regulation implies that an understanding of tRNA function and dysregulation can be used to develop treatments for many cancers including breast cancer, colon cancer, and glioblastoma.

Managing cancer and living meaningfully (CALM) in adults with malignant glioma: a proof-of-concept phase IIa trial.

Background: Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) is an evidence-based, brief, semi-structured psychotherapy designed to help patients with advanced cancer cope with the practical and profound challenges of their illness. However, no study to date has investigated its feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness in adults with malignant glioma, despite the well-documented incidence of psychological distress in this vulnerable and underserved population.

Methods: Fourteen patients with glioma and elevated symptoms of depression and/or death anxiety enrolled in the trial: 83% glioblastoma, 75% female, M = 56 years (SD = 15.

Working memory training for adult glioma patients: a proof-of-concept study.

Background: CogMed Working Memory Training (CWMT) is a computer-based program shown to improve working memory (WM) among those with cognitive impairments. No study to date has investigated its feasibility, acceptability, and satisfaction in adult patients with glioma, despite the well-documented incidence of WM impairment in this population.

Methods: Twenty patients with glioma and objective and/or perceived WM deficits enrolled in the study: 52% high-grade, 60% female, Mage = 47 (range = 21-72 years).

Entropy charts and bifurcations for Lorenz maps with infinite derivatives.

This paper deals with one-dimensional factor maps for the geometric model of Lorenz-type attractors in the form of two-parameter family of Lorenz maps on the interval I=[-1,1] given by T(x)=(-1+c⋅|x|)⋅sign(x). This is the normal form for splitting the homoclinic loop with additional degeneracy in flows with symmetry that have a saddle equilibrium with a one-dimensional unstable manifold. Due to L.

Effectiveness and safety of whole blood compared to balanced blood components in resuscitation of hemorrhaging trauma patients - A systematic review.

Introduction: Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death among trauma patients, and is the most common cause of preventable death after trauma. Since the advent of blood component fractioning, most patients receive blood components rather than whole blood (WB). WB contains all of the individual blood components and has the advantages of simplifying resuscitation logistics, providing physiological ratios of components, reducing preservative volumes and allowing transfusion of younger red blood cells (RBC).

Phase I trial of dimethyl fumarate, temozolomide, and radiation therapy in glioblastoma.

Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an oral agent approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), has promising preclinical activity against glioblastoma (GBM). This phase I study sought to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of DMF and evaluate its safety and toxicity when combined with standard concurrent radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) followed by maintenance TMZ in patients with newly diagnosed GBM.

Methods: Using a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation design with 3 dose levels, patients received daily DMF with 60 Gy RT and concurrent TMZ 75 mg/m daily, followed by maintenance DMF (continuously) and TMZ 150-200 mg/m on days 1-5 of each 28-day cycle for up to 6 cycles.

Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Methotrexate is first-line chemotherapy. Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) is increasingly used as an alternative consolidative treatment to whole-brain radiotherapy.

Autism spectrum disorder traits in typically developing emerging adults and associated parenting: A person-centered approach.

Research on parenting children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) indicates these children receive parenting tailored to their condition. However, little is known about ASD in adulthood, especially in emerging adults at college, and how they are parented. The current study examined how emerging adults in a non-clinical typically-developing sample differed in their current perceptions of parenting as a function of ASD traits.

Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in an Adult Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report.

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a serious complication of solid-organ transplant. Extranodal involvement is common; however, isolated involvement of the central nervous system is extremely rare and represents a particularly difficult therapeutic challenge with no current consensus on optimal treatment. Here, we describe a 70-year-old woman who developed Epstein-Barr virus-related primary central nervous system lymphoma 19 months after kidney transplant.