TACSTD2 in gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy: variant functional analysis and expression in the cornea after limbal stem cell transplantation.

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDLD) is a rare autosomal recessive eye disease. GDLD is characterized by the loss of barrier function in corneal epithelial cells (CECs) and amyloid deposition due to pathogenic variants in the TACSTD2 gene. Limbal stem cell transplantation (LSCT) has been suggested as an effective therapeutic alternative for patients with GDLD.

[Intracorneal selective stromal transplantation].

Unlabelled: Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty or penetrating keratoplasty are currently considered the optimal methods of surgical treatment of stromal dystrophies and corneal degeneration. Despite certain advantages and benefits of these methods, they also have significant limitations: involvement of superficial corneal layers in the surgery, need for suturing, development of post-keratoplasty astigmatism etc.

Purpose: This study aimed to test and describe the new method of closed sutureless keratoplasty (intracorneal selective stromal transplantation), which was indicated in isolated dystrophic and degenerative pathology of the stroma.

[Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty after implantation of glaucoma drainage devices].

Unlabelled: Secondary decompensation of corneal endothelium, including transplanted, is a frequent long-term complication of glaucoma drainage surgery. According to literature data, after implantation of a glaucoma drainage device into the anterior chamber, the speed of endothelial cells density (ECD) loss increases significantly.

Purpose: To study the possibility of performing modified Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) with maximum graft diameter, and to assess its short-term effectiveness in the treatment of bullous keratopathy (BK) in the presence of a glaucoma drainage device in the anterior chamber.

Three-quarter DMEK in eyes with glaucoma draining devices to avoid secondary graft failure.

Purpose: To present a case series of a modified three-quarter Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (3/4-DMEK) technique to treat pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in the presence of a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) tube in the anterior chamber by reducing the risk of donor endothelial damage due to absence of donor endothelial cells overlying the GGD tube area.

Methods: In this prospective case series, four eyes of three patients with stable glaucoma underwent 3/4-DMEK surgery for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy after GDD insertion. The patients were followed up to 24 ± 2.

Two-Dimensional Autofocus Technique Based on Spatial Frequency Domain Fragmentation.

Existing two-dimensional (2-D) autofocus algorithms, exploiting the known structure of 2-D phase error, lack the error estimation accuracy in the case of a low signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) due to the non-exhaustive use of the echo signal. In this paper, we propose a novel 2-D autofocus algorithm, thoroughly utilizing all the available data and therefore achieving superior estimation performance. Via analytical study, we show that the partial derivative of the 2-D error with respect to the azimuth frequency is approximable as a function of single argument, after appropriate change of variable.

The Impact of the Complexing Cation on the Sensitivity of the Collisional-Induced Dissociation Spectra to Fatty Acid Position for a Set of YXY/YYX-type Triglycerides.

Rational: The development of an automated platform for the positional analysis of triglycerides based on electrospray tandem mass spectrometry continues to be pursued. This work compares the positional sensitivities of the collisional-induced dissociation spectra for a representative set of YXY/YYX triglycerides using ammonium, silver, sodium and lithium as complexing agents.

Methods: A set of triglycerides were synthesized and analyzed by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry using an ion trap mass spectrometer.

Effect of hrWnt7a on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro.

Human recombinant protein Wnt7a (hrWnt7a) inhibits cell proliferative activity and triggers cell polarization. Although cell polarization process was maintained only over a short time, probably via microenvironmental stimuli, hrWnt7a is involved in the transformation of the retinal pigment epithelium. Analysis of Wnt signaling pathway and its regulation will help to understand the processes in retinal pigment epithelial cells under pathological conditions, which can be useful in developing new generation drugs.

[THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF SALMONELLA AND ACUTE ALCOHOL GASTROENTERITIS].

We evaluated the influence of Salmonella infection and alcohol on biological membranes from the content of serum phospholipid fraction known to be a component ofenterocyte membranes. Any change of membrane phospholipid content leads to a change of their blood level. The study included 50 patients with acute alcohol gastroenteritis, 50 ones with salmonella gastroenteritis, and 50 healthy subjects.

[The mode of differential diagnostic of and acute alcoholic gastroenteritis].

The study was carried out to develop mode of differential diagnostic of salmonella and acute alcoholic gastroenteritis on the basis of phospholipid specter of blood serum. The indicators of phospholipid fractions of blood serum were analyzed in 50 healthy persons, 50 patients with acute alcoholic gastroenteritis and 50 patients with salmonella gastroenteritis were analyzed. The relative content of following fractions of whole phospholipids were analyzed--total lysophospholipids, sphyngomiyelin, phosphatidcholine, phosphatidyletanolamin.

[PCR study of the human herpes virus type 6 and other viruses of the herpes group in eye diseases].

To study the role of the HHV-6 type in the development of eye diseases PCR tests of blood (152), cornea biopsies (61), and intraocular fluids (11) for HHV-6 and other viruses of the herpes group (HSV type 1 and 2, CMV, EBV) were conducted. It was found that the HHV-6, along with other representatives of the Herpesviridae, can be detected in patients with different clinical forms of ophthalmopathology (174 patients were surveyed). Viral DNA was detected in blood, cornea, and in the anterior chamber fluid.

[Development of the system of dietary nutrition in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation].

The analysis of the existing system of organization dietary personnel in the Armed Forces has been done. The new system of improvement of dietary nutrition for military personnel was developed. This system is based on scientifically proven food rationings that provide a balance of nutrients and mechanical and chemical sparing of GI tract.

[An experience of dried cornea transplantation].

Sometimes an urgent lamellar keratoplasty remains the only treatment option for corneal defect closure. When fresh donor tissue is absent as it is regular in recent years dried cornea transplantation becomes reasonable. In recent years in ocular trauma department 320 transplantations of dried on silicagel cornea were performed.

Selective induction of apoptosis in glioma tumour cells by a Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract.

At low concentration H(2)O(2) is an important signal molecule in proliferation of tumour cells. We report about a study investigating the effect of an ethanolic extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum on proliferation of C6 glioma tumour cells and cellular H(2)O(2) concentration. The proliferation of these cells was maximal at about 1 muM extracellular H(2)O(2).

[Rehabilitation of patients with burn injury to the eye].

Based on the analysis of the results of treatment in patients with severe and particularly severe burn injuries to the eye, the authors developed principles in the rehabilitation of such patients. The rehabilitation period was divided into 4 stages: 1) treatment of burn injury (removal of necrotic tissues; revascularization of the outer membrane of the eyeball; prevention of cicatricial deformity of the eyelids); 2) treatment of burn disease complications (blood blepharorrhaphy, soft contact lenses, maximum antihypertensive therapy, treatment of cataract and glaucoma); 3) reconstruction of the eyelids, conjunctival vaults, eyeball surface (transplantation of autologous skin flaps, oral mucosa, fixation of leukoma with the automucosa, autocartilage); 4) functional rehabilitation (limbic transplantation, keratoplasty, keratic replacement with a Fedorov-Zuyev prosthesis). The use of the scheme in clinical practice can achieve a considerable reduction in the time of rehabilitation and the rate of functional and anatomic death of the injured eye and improve the functional outcomes of treatment in patients with severe and especially severe burn injury to the eye.

[Surgical treatment policy for concomitant burn injury to the eye in patients admitted to burn units].

The investigation was undertaken to study the causes of ocular complications in patients with extensive body surface burns. Ninety-five patients with concomitant eye burn injury and its consequences, of them 50 victims who had been first admitted to the unit after long-term treatment in burn centers and 45 patients observed jointly with the combustiologists of the Moscow City Burn Center were followed up. The frequency and pattern of destructive complications and, a result, eye burns were ascertained to be associated with the possibility of delivering a specialized ophthalmic care, its period, and nature.

[Experimental rationale for local use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of ocular tissue ischemia on a model of postburn conjunctival ischemia].

The authors have evaluated the local renin-angiotensin system on a model of experimental postburn conjunctival ischemia from the tear activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and studied whether impaired microcirculation might be restored by locally applying the ACE inhibitor captopril. It has been found that in conjunctival ischemia, there is a considerable increase in the activity of ACE, the key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system, the activity of which largely determines the microcirculation in eye tissues. Instillations of the ACE inhibitor to rabbits within 2 weeks after alkaline burn of the eye result in a reduction in ACE activity and an earlier recovery of microcirculation in the area of conjunctival ischemia.

[Study of the efficacy of cyclosporine used in patients at high risk of keratograft rejection. Communication 2. Immunological treatment monitoring].

The paper presents the results of a long-term (up to 2-year) clinical and immunological monitoring of 25 patients operated on for leukomas of various etiology, who were a high risk group. The objective of the study was to clarify the causes of the inefficiency of treatment with cyclosporine (Cs) and to develop specific indications for its usage. The autoimmune reactions against the cornea (a cellular response) were studied.

[Study of the efficacy of cyclosporine used in patients at high risk of keratograft rejection. Communication 1. Results of clinical monitoring].

The paper presents the results of a long-term (up to 2-year) clinical monitoring of 30 patients operated on for leukomas of various etiology, who were a high risk group and received the oral cyclosporine HEXAL postoperatively. Three types of the course of a postoperative period were identified. These included: an absolutely favorable course in 33.

[Limbic transplantation in the surgical rehabilitation of patients with prior severe ocular burns].

The paper provides the results of limbic transplantations in 21 patients with varying postburn leukomas. Autolimbic (n = 6; 28.6%) and limbic (n = 15; 71.

[Deep layer posterior keratoplasty: preliminary data].

The paper presents preliminary results of deep layer keratoplasty first performed in Russian ophthalmology. It describes its surgical techniques. Deep layer posterior keratoplasty was made in 3 patients with epithelial-and-endothelial dystrophy of the cornea.

[Immunomorphological study of time course of repair of corneal deep burn defects after stromal equivalent transplantation].

Early defects due to the afflux of monocytic phagocytes into the inflammatory focus, rapid resorption of detritis and normalisation of correlation between contents of matrix proteinases and their inhibitors, stimulation of stromal cornea keratinocytes migration and their proliferation characterize repair of postburn defects in transplantation of the stromal equivalent. Repair against the background of stromal equivalent transplantation is of a histotypical character: collagen gel organizes and serves the basis for migration of the cornea fibroblasts and temporary matrix for growing new epithelium, while restored basal membrane is a derivative of cornea epithelium.

Consumption of redox energy by glutathione metabolism contributes to hypoxia/ reoxygenation-induced injury in astrocytes.

The role of glutathione during ischemia/reperfusion is still a controversial issue. Glutathione should exert beneficial effects in the situation of ischemia/reperfusion due to its antioxidative potency. However, increasing survival time after transient ischemia and hypoxia has been reported for glutathione depleted cells.

[Examination of the local antioxidative system of the eye in experimental corneal burn injury and the prospects for pharmacological correction of its parameters].

The present paper deals with the study of the efficiency of oral use of the antioxidative drug Immugen (a complex of alpha-tocopherol, oubichinone, selenium aspartate, methionine, and soyabean phospholipids) on a rabbit model of severe alkaline-induced corneal burn. The investigations have indicated that addition of Immugen to the rabbit feed exerts a significant positive effect on the parameters of the local antioxidative system of the eye and causes an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and, on day 14, in antioxidative activity. The early experimental periods were marked by a slight rise in the frequency of deep corneal ulcerations.

[Repair of corneal defects using tissue engineering].

We propose to treat deep corneal burns by grafting a living stromal equivalent, since keratocyte death and stromal destruction are the main factors of ulceration and destruction of the eye. A technique was developed for isolation and grafting a living stromal equivalent. Twenty one patients with deep corneal defects were treated.