Biochemical osteomalacia in adults undergoing vitamin D testing in the North-East of Scotland.

Background: International guidelines give greatly varying definitions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) insufficiency and deficiency. Vitamin D testing is increasing despite 2016 UK guidance for adults advising routine vitamin D supplementation October-March and year-round for high risk groups. A service evaluation of vitamin D testing and biochemical osteomalacia in the North-East of Scotland (57-58°N) could inform definitions and testing guidance.

The utility of parent's and teacher's concerns for the screening of speech sound disorders: A study on French-speaking preschool children.

Speech sound disorders (SSD) are associated with difficulties in communication, social participation, literacy, and learning. An early identification process is therefore necessary. Our study was aimed at determining the utility and accuracy of parent's and teacher's concerns in screening for SSD.

Spatial unfolding of an extended La-140 source within a 0.5 km-wide exclusion zone using Compton gamma imaging measurements.

Results from applying an advanced spatial-unfolding technique to outdoor-trial data acquired with a Silicon photomultiplier-based Compton Telescope for Safety and Security (SCoTSS) gamma imager during perimeter survey of a distributed La-140 source lying within a 500 m x 500 m exclusion zone are presented. A synthetic-data version of the experiment was also modelled using Monte Carlo simulations and reconstructed. For both experimental and synthetic data the method faithfully reproduces the shape of the activity distribution, and for synthetic data the total activity is reproduced as well.

Participatory research in child psychology & psychiatry: Embracing untidiness to break new ground.

We are pleased to present our Special Issue on Participatory Research. In this editorial, we outline how the disability rights movement has been instrumental to the development of participatory approaches, before giving consideration to some of the debates and criticisms associated with participatory research in practice. We summarise the contributions offered by the studies within this issue and propose four areas of consideration, drawn from the body of included research, to inform future developments.

Novel Macrocyclic NLRP3 Inhibitors.

Aberrant activation of NLRP3 due to persistent tissue damage, misfolded proteins or crystal deposits has been linked to multiple chronic inflammatory disorders such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), neurodegenerative diseases, gouty arthritis, and numerous others. Hence, there has been an increasing interest in NLRP3 inhibitors as therapeutics. A first generation of NLRP3 inhibitors bearing a sulfonylurea core such as MCC950 (developed by Pfizer) were discovered by phenotypic screening, however their mode of action was only elucidated later.

Food fraud prevention strategies: Building an effective verification ecosystem.

Food fraud is an ever-present threat that regulators, food business operators (FBOs), and consumers need to be aware of, prevent where possible, and address by developing mitigation strategies to detect and reduce its negative consequences. While extant literature focuses on food fraud detection, there is less attention given to prevention strategies, a knowledge gap this review seeks to address. The aim of this review was to consider food-related fraud prevention initiatives, understand what has worked well, and develop a series of recommendations on preventing food fraud, both policy related and for future research.

Two-Dimensional Deaths? A Discourse Analysis of Patient Death in Preclinical Tutorial Cases at a Canadian Medical School.

The prospect of death is everywhere, but seldom directly addressed, in undergraduate medical education (UGME). Despite calls for UGME curricula to address the complex social and emotional aspects of death and dying, most curricula focus on biomedical, legal, and logistical aspects, or concentrate these topics within palliative care content and/or in simulations with simulated patients and manikins. We aimed to add to death education scholarship by exploring the complexities of death and dying within two dimensional simulations-i.

Formal degree programs in physiology promote careers of clinical scientists and benefit basic science departments.

Physiologists may play critical roles in the development of clinician-scientists who aspire to an academic career. The complexity of contemporary biomedical science and economic matters regarding postgraduate education pose real conundrums. We report a more than 22-year follow-up of surgical trainees pursuing bench laboratory science experience through a collaboration between a physiology postgraduate program and a surgical researcher program within a single public medical school.

Standard protocols for plant health scientific assessments.

In accordance with the EFSA Strategy 2027 outlining the need for fit-for-purpose protocols for EFSA generic scientific assessments, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH Panel) developed standard protocols to harmonise the problem formulation process and outputs for mandates addressing recurrent scientific questions. Three types of recurring EFSA plant health mandates require generic scientific assessments: (i) pest categorisation; (ii) commodity risk assessment for the purpose of derogation to provisions of the EU plant health law and (iii) quantitative pest risk assessment. The three standard protocols are tailored to the appropriate level of detail and build on the existing guidance documents laying out the methods for conducting risk assessment in the plant health domain.

Diagnostic Pathway Outcomes for Biparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Targeted Lesions Using Cognitive Registration and Freehand Transperineal Prostate Biopsy in Biopsy-Naïve Men (CRAFT Single-Center Study).

Purpose: Enhanced histological detection of clinically significant prostate cancer is the goal of the prebiopsy imaging pathway. Risk stratification at a prebiopsy meeting can facilitate optimization of lesion targeting. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of cognitive registration, freehand transperineal prostate biopsy in a biopsy-naïve population following biparametric MRI for the detection of clinically significant disease (International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group ≥2).

Commodity risk assessment of maple veneer sheets from Canada.

The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to deliver a risk assessment on the likelihood of pest freedom from Union quarantine pests and pests subject to measures adopted pursuant to Article 30 of Regulation (EU) No 2016/2031 for the maple veneer sheets manufactured according to the process set out by Canada, with emphasis on the freedom from and (non-EU isolates). The assessment was conducted for veneer sheets of up to 0.7 mm and up to 6 mm thickness, taking into account the different phases in the veneer production in a systems approach.

Commodity risk assessment of plants from United Kingdom.

The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as 'High risk plants, plant products and other objects'. This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by potted plants and bundles of bare-root plants or cell grown young plants or graftwood/budwood of imported from the United Kingdom, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by the UK. All pests associated with the commodities were evaluated against specific criteria for their relevance for this opinion.

Pest categorisation of .

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of (Hemiptera: Matsucoccidae), the Massonian pine bast scale, for the EU territory. This pest categorisation was initiated following the commodity risk assessment of artificially dwarfed plants from China consisting of (Japanese white pine) grafted on (Japanese black pine) performed by EFSA, in which was identified as a pest of possible concern. However, its identity is not firmly established due to uncertainty regarding its taxonomic relationship with (Green), a species widespread in Europe.

A tomographic spatial-unfolding method for Compton gamma imaging measurements.

An advanced spatial-unfolding technique capable of reconstructing the activity distribution within an exclusion zone from Compton gamma imager measurements taken outside of it is introduced. Although the method is generally applicable to extended sources, we demonstrate it here on a calibrated Cs-137 point source through Monte Carlo simulation studies as well as with measurements made using a Silicon Compton Telescope for Safety and Security (SCoTSS) gamma imager. For synthetic data the method accurately reconstructs the total activity contained within the mapped zone of interest, even when the size of the basis elements used to reconstruct the activity distribution is larger than the source itself.

Pest categorisation of .

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae), following the commodity risk assessment of plants grafted on from China, in which was identified as a pest of possible concern to the European Union. This species can be identified by morphological taxonomic keys and by barcoding. The adults of the overwintering generation emerge from late June to late August.

Pest categorisation of .

The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to conduct a pest categorisation of (Ellis & Everh) Sutton, following commodity risk assessments of , , and plants from the UK, in which was identified as a pest of possible concern to the EU. When first described, was a clearly defined fungus of the family Schizoparmaceae, but due to lack of a curated type-derived DNA sequence, current identification based only on DNA sequence is uncertain and taxa previously reported to be this fungus based on molecular identification must be confirmed. The uncertainty on the reported identification of this species translates into uncertainty on all the sections of this categorisation.

Risk assessment of for the EU.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a quantitative risk assessment for the EU of (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a polyphagous pest occurring in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The current risk assessment focused on potential pathways for entry, the climatic conditions allowing establishment, the expected spread capacity and the impact considering a time horizon of 10 years (2023-2032). The Panel identified the import of apples, cut flowers and table grapes as the most relevant entry pathways.