Association of Sleep Spindle Rate With Memory Consolidation in Children With Rolandic Epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: Rolandic epilepsy (RE), the most common childhood focal epilepsy syndrome, is characterized by a transient period of sleep-activated epileptiform activity in the centrotemporal regions and variable cognitive deficits. Sleep spindles are prominent thalamocortical brain oscillations during sleep that have been mechanistically linked to sleep-dependent memory consolidation in animal models and healthy controls. Sleep spindles are decreased in RE and related sleep-activated epileptic encephalopathies.

Nonnegative matrix factorization for analyzing state dependent neuronal network dynamics in calcium recordings.

Calcium imaging allows recording from hundreds of neurons in vivo with the ability to resolve single cell activity. Evaluating and analyzing neuronal responses, while also considering all dimensions of the data set to make specific conclusions, is extremely difficult. Often, descriptive statistics are used to analyze these forms of data.

A data augmentation procedure to improve detection of spike ripples in brain voltage recordings.

Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, spontaneous seizures. For patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, treatments include neurostimulation or surgical removal of the epileptogenic zone (EZ), the brain region responsible for seizure generation. Precise targeting of the EZ requires reliable biomarkers.

A General, Noise-Driven Mechanism for the 1/f-Like Behavior of Neural Field Spectra.

Consistent observations across recording modalities, experiments, and neural systems find neural field spectra with 1/f-like scaling, eliciting many alternative theories to explain this universal phenomenon. We show that a general dynamical system with stochastic drive and minimal assumptions generates 1/f-like spectra consistent with the range of values observed in vivo without requiring a specific biological mechanism or collective critical behavior.

Impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation predicted by reduced sleep spindles in Rolandic epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: Sleep spindles are prominent thalamocortical brain oscillations during sleep that have been mechanistically linked to sleep-dependent memory consolidation in animal models and healthy controls. Sleep spindles are decreased in Rolandic epilepsy and related sleep-activated epileptic encephalopathies. We investigate the relationship between sleep spindle deficits and deficient sleep dependent memory consolidation in children with Rolandic epilepsy.

Thalamic epileptic spikes disrupt sleep spindles in patients with epileptic encephalopathy.

In severe epileptic encephalopathies, epileptic activity contributes to progressive cognitive dysfunction. Epileptic encephalopathies share the trait of spike-wave activation during non-REM sleep (EE-SWAS), a sleep stage dominated by sleep spindles, which are brain oscillations known to coordinate offline memory consolidation. Epileptic activity has been proposed to hijack the circuits driving these thalamocortical oscillations, thereby contributing to cognitive impairment.

Photothrombosis induced cortical stroke produces electrographic epileptic biomarkers in mice.

Objective: Interictal epileptiform spikes, high-frequency ripple oscillations, and their co-occurrence (spike ripples) in human scalp or intracranial voltage recordings are well-established epileptic biomarkers. While clinically significant, the neural mechanisms generating these electrographic biomarkers remain unclear. To reduce this knowledge gap, we introduce a novel photothrombotic stroke model in mice that reproduces focal interictal electrographic biomarkers observed in human epilepsy.

Spike ripples localize the epileptogenic zone best: an international intracranial study.

We evaluated whether spike ripples, the combination of epileptiform spikes and ripples, provide a reliable and improved biomarker for the epileptogenic zone compared with other leading interictal biomarkers in a multicentre, international study. We first validated an automated spike ripple detector on intracranial EEG recordings. We then applied this detector to subjects from four centres who subsequently underwent surgical resection with known 1-year outcomes.

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Analyzing State Dependent Neuronal Network Dynamics in Calcium Recordings.

Calcium imaging allows recording from hundreds of neurons with the ability to resolve single cell activity. Evaluating and analyzing neuronal responses, while also considering all dimensions of the data set to make specific conclusions, is extremely difficult. Often, descriptive statistics are used to analyze these forms of data.

Different Methods to Estimate the Phase of Neural Rhythms Agree But Only During Times of Low Uncertainty.

Rhythms are a common feature of brain activity. Across different types of rhythms, the phase has been proposed to have functional consequences, thus requiring its accurate specification from noisy data. Phase is conventionally specified using techniques that presume a frequency band-limited rhythm.

Different methods to estimate the phase of neural rhythms agree, but only during times of low uncertainty.

Rhythms are a common feature of brain activity. Across different types of rhythms, the phase has been proposed to have functional consequences, thus requiring its accurate specification from noisy data. Phase is conventionally specified using techniques that presume a frequency band-limited rhythm.

Differences in Delirium Evaluation and Pharmacologic Management in Children With Developmental Delay: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Delirium is associated with increased mortality and cost, decreased neurocognition, and decreased quality of life in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) population. The Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) is used in PICUs for delirium screening but lacks specificity in children with developmental delay (DD). Within a cohort of children receiving pharmacologic treatment for intensive care unit (ICU) delirium, we compared delirium scoring and medication management between children with and without DD.

Decreased thalamocortical connectivity in resolved Rolandic epilepsy.

Objective: Median nerve somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) conduction times reflect the integrity of neural transmission across the thalamocortical circuit. We hypothesized median nerve SEF conduction time would be abnormal in children with Rolandic epilepsy (RE).

Methods: 22 children with RE (10 active; 12 resolved) and 13 age-matched controls underwent structural and diffusion MRI and median nerve and visual stimulation during magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Preliminary evidence of a relationship between sleep spindles and treatment response in epileptic encephalopathy.

Objective: Epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep (EE-SWAS) is a challenging neurodevelopmental disease characterized by abundant epileptiform spikes during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep accompanied by cognitive dysfunction. The mechanism of cognitive dysfunction is unknown, but treatment with high-dose diazepam may improve symptoms. Spike rate does not predict treatment response, but spikes may disrupt sleep spindles.

Distinguishing between different percolation regimes in noisy dynamic networks with an application to epileptic seizures.

In clinical neuroscience, epileptic seizures have been associated with the sudden emergence of coupled activity across the brain. The resulting functional networks-in which edges indicate strong enough coupling between brain regions-are consistent with the notion of percolation, which is a phenomenon in complex networks corresponding to the sudden emergence of a giant connected component. Traditionally, work has concentrated on noise-free percolation with a monotonic process of network growth, but real-world networks are more complex.

The 1/f-like behavior of neural field spectra are a natural consequence of noise driven brain dynamics.

Consistent observations across recording modalities, experiments, and neural systems find neural field spectra with 1/f-like scaling, eliciting many alternative theories to explain this universal phenomenon. We show that a general dynamical system with stochastic drive and minimal assumptions generates 1/f-like spectra consistent with the range of values observed , without requiring a specific biological mechanism or collective critical behavior.

Children with Rolandic epilepsy have micro- and macrostructural abnormalities in white matter constituting networks necessary for language function.

Introduction: Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is a transient developmental epilepsy with a seizure onset zone localized to the centrotemporal cortex that commonly impacts aspects of language function. To better understand the relationship between these anatomical findings and symptoms, we characterized the language profile and white matter microstructural and macrostructural features in a cohort of children with SeLECTS.

Methods: Children with active SeLECTS (n = 13), resolved SeLECTS (n = 12), and controls (n = 17) underwent high-resolution MRIs including diffusion tensor imaging sequences and multiple standardized neuropsychological measures of language function.

Preliminary evidence of a relationship between sleep spindles and treatment response in epileptic encephalopathy.

Objective: Epileptic encephalopathy with spike wave activation in sleep (EE-SWAS) is a challenging neurodevelopmental disease characterized by abundant epileptiform spikes during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep accompanied by cognitive dysfunction. The mechanism of cognitive dysfunction is unknown, but treatment with high-dose diazepam may improve symptoms. Spike rate does not predict treatment response, but spikes may disrupt sleep spindles.

Reducing FHIR "Profiliferation": A Data-Driven Approach.

Profiling is a mechanism for customizing Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) for particular use cases. "Profiliferation" (profile + proliferation) is a coinage referring to the explosive growth in the number of FHIR profiles over the past few years. By reviewing a broad sample of almost 3000 FHIR profiles from 125 implementation guides, usage patterns were determined.

The features underlying the memorability of objects.

What makes certain images more memorable than others? While much of memory research has focused on participant effects, recent studies using a stimulus-centric perspective have sparked debate on the determinants of memory, including the roles of semantic and visual features and whether the most prototypical or atypical items are best remembered. Prior studies have typically relied on constrained stimulus sets, limiting a generalized view of the features underlying what we remember. Here, we collected more than 1 million memory ratings for a naturalistic dataset of 26,107 object images designed to comprehensively sample concrete objects.

Spike height improves prediction of future seizure risk.

Objective: We evaluated whether interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) rate and morphological characteristics predict seizure risk.

Methods: We evaluated 10 features from automatically detectable IEDs in a stereotyped population with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS). We tested whether the average value or the most extreme values from each feature predicted future seizure risk in cross-sectional and longitudinal models.

Interoperability with multiple Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) profiles and versions.

Objective: To provide a method for evaluating the interoperability of Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) clients and servers supporting different FHIR resources, profiles, and versions, and to determine the feasibility of FHIR servers supporting multiple FHIR Implementation Guides (IGs).

Materials And Methods: A method of analysis, the FHIR Interoperability Table (FHIT), is proposed. The FHIT involves the concept of a "catchment," the type or category of data that a profile is intended to represent.