Tracing the inner edge of the habitable zone with sulfur chemistry.

The circumstellar liquid-water habitable zone guides our search for potentially inhabited exoplanets but remains observationally untested. We show that the inner edge of the habitable zone can now be mapped among exoplanets using their lack of surface water, which, unlike the presence of water, can be unambiguously revealed by atmospheric sulfur species. Using coupled climate-chemistry modeling, we find that the observability of sulfur gases on exoplanets depends critically on the ultraviolet (UV) flux of their host star, a property with wide variation: Most M-dwarfs have a low UV flux and thereby allow the detection of sulfur gases as a tracer of dry planetary surfaces; however, the UV flux of Trappist-1 may be too high for sulfur to disambiguate uninhabitable from habitable surfaces on any of its planets.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections.

Purpose Of Review: Antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has become an urgent global public health threat, raising the specter of untreatable infections. This review summarizes the determinants of resistance among the five most common curable STIs Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Treponema pallidum, and Trichomonas vaginalis, as well as strategies to mitigate the spread of resistance.

Recent Findings: Genetic mutations are key drivers of resistance for N.

An interactive course program on nutrition for medical students: interdisciplinary development and mixed-methods evaluation.

Nutrition plays a crucial role in human and planetary health, as prevailing nutritional patterns significantly contribute to the global non-communicable disease pandemic. Moreover, the global food system is inextricably linked to planetary health deterioration. The relevance of nutrition for individual and planetary health is insufficiently addressed in German medical schools.

Risk of hospital inpatient opioid overdose (RHINOO): a review of factors impacting naloxone administration in patients receiving opioids.

Purpose: Opioid medications remain a common treatment for acute pain in hospitalized patients. This study aims to identify factors contributing to opioid overdose in the inpatient population, addressing the gap in data on which patients are at higher risk for opioid-related adverse events in the hospital setting.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of inpatients receiving at least one opioid medication was performed at a large academic medical center from January 1, 2022, through December 31, 2022.

2-Phenylbenzothiazoles featuring heteroaryl sulfonamide end-capping substructures as developable mPGES-1 inhibitors.

The inhibition of human microsomal prostaglandin E (PGE) synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is a promising therapeutic modality for developing next-generation anti-inflammatory medications. In this study, we present novel 2-phenylbenzothiazole derivatives featuring heteroaryl sulfonamide end-capping substructures as inhibitors of human mPGES-1, with IC values in the range of 0.72-3.

Cerebrovascular reactivity and response times describe recent ischaemic symptomatology in patients with moyamoya.

Moyamoya is a non-atherosclerotic intracranial steno-occlusive condition that places patients at high risk for ischaemic stroke. Randomized trials of surgical revascularization demonstrating efficacy in ischaemic moyamoya have not been performed, and as such, biomarkers of parenchymal haemodynamic impairment are needed to assist with triage and evaluate post-surgical response. In this prospective study, we test the hypothesis that parenchymal cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) metrics in response to a fixed-inspired 5% carbon dioxide challenge correlate with recent focal ischaemic symptoms.

Evaluation of a machine learning-based metabolic marker for coronary artery disease in the UK Biobank.

Background And Aims: An in silico quantitative score of coronary artery disease (ISCAD), built using machine learning and clinical data from electronic health records, has been shown to result in gradations of risk of subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD) sequelae, and mortality. Large-scale metabolite biomarker profiling provides increased portability and objectivity in machine learning for disease prediction and gradation. However, these models have not been fully leveraged.

Development of a genetically tailored implantation hepatocellular carcinoma model in Oncopigs by somatic cell CRISPR editing.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis, necessitating preclinical models for evaluating novel therapies. Large-animal models are particularly valuable for assessing locoregional therapies, which are widely employed across HCC stages. This study aimed to develop a large-animal HCC model with tailored tumor mutations.

Identification of Potentially Novel Mycobacterium Spp. In Freshwater Ornamental Fish in Trinidad and Tobago.

Potentially zoonotic Mycobacterium spp. are impacting freshwater ornamental fish in Trinidad and Tobago. Clinical cases presented at the Aquatic Animal Health Unit of The University of the West Indies, School of Veterinary Medicine, from September 2011 to September 2018 indicated the presence of piscine mycobacteriosis in freshwater ornamental fish from locations throughout Trinidad and Tobago.

Allogenic Cultured Limbal Epithelial Transplantation and Cultivated Oral Mucosal Epithelial Transplantation in Limbal Stem Cells Deficiency: A Comparative Study.

Introduction: This study compared the clinical outcomes of allogenic cultured limbal epithelial transplantation (ACLET) and cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) in the management of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

Methods: Forty-one COMET procedures in 40 eyes and 69 ACLET procedures in 54 eyes were performed in the Corneoplastic Unit of Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead. Data were examined for demographics, indications, ocular surface stability, absence of epithelial defect, ocular surface inflammation, visual outcomes, and intra- and postoperative complications.

Development of a Body of Knowledge for the Clinical Bioinformatician: Perspectives from the Association for Molecular Pathology's Clinical Genomics Bioinformatician Body of Knowledge Steering Committee.

The use of next-generation sequencing and other high-throughput technologies in the clinical molecular diagnostics laboratory requires the application of bioinformatics pipelines and other computational tools to analyze, visualize, and store these clinical data. Clinical bioinformaticians, individuals with the skills to develop, validate, and deploy these tools in a clinical setting, are needed to ensure that these molecular diagnostic technologies can be appropriately used for clinical care. Building on existing expertise in informatics, next-generation sequencing, and clinical molecular diagnostics, the Association for Molecular Pathology has generated a series to establish an initial clinical bioinformatician body of knowledge.

From banks to burrows: Habitat preferences and nesting behaviours of platypuses in the Snowy River.

Platypuses are a unique freshwater mammal native to eastern Australia. They are semi-aquatic, predominantly nocturnal, and nest in burrows dug into the banks of waterbodies. Quantifying nesting burrow characteristics is challenging due to the species' cryptic nature.

The relationship between sleep disturbances and post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in university students.

A complex bidirectional relationship exists between sleep and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research reporting a strong association between sleep and PTSD has largely examined older military veteran populations, with military-related confounders potentially magnifying this effect. Less is known whether this association remains strong in younger civilian adults.

Cerebral Hemodynamic Responses to Disease-Modifying and Curative Sickle Cell Disease Therapies.

Background And Objectives: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy resulting in hemoglobin-S production, hemolytic anemia, and elevated stroke risk. Treatments include oral hydroxyurea, blood transfusions, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Our objective was to evaluate the neurologic relevance of these therapies by characterizing how treatment-induced changes in hemoglobin (Hb) affect brain health biomarkers.

Malignancy-associated HLH: mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by uncontrolled immune activation. While traditionally associated with genetic mutations affecting cytotoxic function, recent advances have highlighted the prevalence and significance of HLH in adults, particularly in hematologic malignancies. This review focuses on malignancy-associated HLH (M-HLH), a complex and challenging condition with a poor prognosis.

Real-World and Clinical Trial Validation of a Deep Learning Radiomic Biomarker for PD-(L)1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: This study developed and validated a novel deep learning radiomic biomarker to estimate response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using real-world data (RWD) and clinical trial data.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective RWD of 1,829 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-(L)1 ICIs were collected from 10 academic and community institutions in the United States and Europe. The RWD included data sets for discovery (Data Set A-Discovery, n = 1,173) and independent test (Data Set B, n = 458).

Effect of Acute Hypoxia Exposure on the Availability of A Adenosine Receptors and Perfusion in the Human Brain.

In animal studies it has been observed that the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine is released into the cerebral interstitial space during hypoxic challenges. Adenosine's actions on the A adenosine receptor (AAR) protect the brain from oxygen deprivation and overexertion through adjustments in cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and electric activity. Using 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-[F]fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine ([F]CPFPX), a PET tracer for the AAR, we tested the hypothesis that hypoxia-induced adenosine release reduces AAR availability in the human brain.

Association of vaccine intention against COVID-19 using the 5C Scale and its constructs: a Pima County, Arizona cross-sectional survey.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy has been ranked as one of the top 10 threats to global health by the World Health Organization. The 5C model (Confidence, Calculation of risk, Complacency, Collective Responsibility, and Constraints) and an accompanying tool to measure vaccine hesitancy, summarize several significant explanatory variables, and move beyond the most common explanatory variable, Confidence.

Methods: From January to May 2021, we administered a cross-sectional survey among adults in Pima County, Arizona in collaboration with the local health department to assess psychological antecedents to (.

Evoking stable and precise tactile sensations via multi-electrode intracortical microstimulation of the somatosensory cortex.

Tactile feedback from brain-controlled bionic hands can be partially restored via intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the primary somatosensory cortex. In ICMS, the location of percepts depends on the electrode's location and the percept intensity depends on the stimulation frequency and amplitude. Sensors on a bionic hand can thus be linked to somatotopically appropriate electrodes, and the contact force of each sensor can be used to determine the amplitude of a stimulus.

Trends in Faculty Tenure Status and Diversity in Academic Radiology Departments in the United States.

Background: Faculty tenure at U.S. medical schools has become less commonplace over the last several decades.

Immediate postinjury extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal reduces ventilator requirements and mitigates acute respiratory distress syndrome in swine.

Background: Awareness of ventilator-induced lung injury contributed to increased use of extracorporeal interventions, but not immediately after injury, before acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ensues. Our objective was to evaluate the role of venovenous extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) in management of mechanically ventilated swine with smoke inhalation injury and 40% body surface area burns.

Methods: Yorkshire swine (n = 29, 43.

A Deep Learning Based Framework to Identify Undocumented Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells from Historical Maps: A Case Study for California and Oklahoma.

Undocumented Orphaned Wells (UOWs) are wells without an operator that have limited or no documentation with regulatory authorities. An estimated 310,000 to 800,000 UOWs exist in the United States (US), whose locations are largely unknown. These wells can potentially leak methane and other volatile organic compounds to the atmosphere, and contaminate groundwater.