Deep Learning-Based Super-Resolution Reconstruction on Undersampled Brain Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Infarction Stroke: A Comparison to Conventional Iterative Reconstruction.

Background And Purpose: DWI is crucial for detecting infarction stroke. However, its spatial resolution is often limited, hindering accurate lesion visualization. Our aim was to evaluate the image quality and diagnostic confidence of deep learning (DL)-based super-resolution reconstruction for brain DWI of infarction stroke.

Novel MRI-based Hyper-Fused Radiomics for Predicting Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer.

Rationale And Objectives: To propose a novel MRI-based hyper-fused radiomic approach to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in breast cancer (BC).

Materials And Methods: Pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and ultra-multi-b-value (UMB) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were acquired in BC patients who received NAT followed by surgery at two centers. Hyper-fused radiomic features (RFs) and conventional RFs were extracted from DCE-MRI or UMB-DWI.

A Simple and Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Mobocertinib and Its Metabolite Desmethyl-Mobocertinib in Human Plasma and Its Application to Clinical Pharmacokinetic Study.

Mobocertinib is a potent selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with activating EGFR exon 20 insertions. The aim of this study was to develop a procedure for liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of mobocertinib and its metabolite desmethyl-mobocertinib in human plasma. The human plasma samples were precipitated with acetonitrile and analyzed using a Waters ACQUITY BEH C column coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.

BRISC-Mediated PPM1B-K63 Deubiquitination and Subsequent TGF-β Pathway Activation Promote High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Arterial Stiffness.

Background: Metabolic syndrome heightens cardiovascular disease risk primarily through increased arterial stiffness. We previously demonstrated the involvement of YAP (Yes-associated protein) in high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-induced arterial stiffness via modulation of PPM1B (protein phosphatase Mg/Mn-dependent 1B)-lysine63 (K63) deubiquitination. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and mechanisms underlying PPM1B deubiquitination in HFHSD-induced arterial stiffness.

Late Gadolinium Enhancement of Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy at 5.0 T versus 3.0 T: A Crossover Design Study.

Purpose To compare the acquisition time, image quality, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) visualization and quantification on phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) images using 5.0-T versus 3.0-T cardiac MRI.

Intestinal mucosal barrier repair and immune regulation with an AI-developed gut-restricted PHD inhibitor.

Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors have been approved for treating renal anemia yet have failed clinical testing for inflammatory bowel disease because of a lack of efficacy. Here we used a multimodel multimodal generative artificial intelligence platform to design an orally gut-restricted selective PHD1 and PHD2 inhibitor that exhibits favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical studies. ISM012-042 restores intestinal barrier function and alleviates gut inflammation in multiple experimental colitis models.

Association of Blood-Based Biomarkers and 6-Month Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients With Mild TBI: A CENTER-TBI Analysis.

Background And Objectives: There is seemingly contradictory evidence concerning relationships between day-of-injury biomarkers and outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). To address this issue, we examined the association between a panel of biomarkers and multidimensional TBI outcomes.

Methods: Participants with mTBI (Glasgow coma scores [GCSs] 13-15) were selected from Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury, a European observational study recruiting patients with TBI with indication for brain CT and presentation within 24 hours.

Quantification of crisugabalin (HSK16149) in biological matrix by LC-MS/MS method: An application to rat pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies.

Crisugabalin (HSK16149), a novel VGCC α2δ ligand, has been approved for the treatment of adult diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). In this study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of crisugabalin in rat plasma and tissues homogenate. Samples were extracted by protein precipitation and separated on a Hypersil GOLD aQ column with methanol and 2 mM ammonium acetate in water containing 0.

Development of a UPLC-MS/MS Method for Bioanalysis of Ethoxysanguinarine and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study of Ethoxysanguinarine Nanoemulsion.

Ethoxysanguinarine (ETSG), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, exhibits diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. Despite these properties, limited research exists on ETSG in vivo pharmacokinetics due to its poor solubility and low bioavailability. In this study, we developed a rapid and specific UPLC-MS/MS method for ETSG bioanalysis.

Age-related decline in CD8 tissue resident memory T cells compromises antitumor immunity.

Aging compromises antitumor immunity, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that aging impairs the generation of CD8 tissue resident memory T (T) cells in nonlymphoid tissues in mice, thus compromising the antitumor activity of aged CD8 T cells, which we also observed in human lung adenocarcinoma. We further identified that the apoptosis regulator BFAR was highly enriched in aged CD8 T cells, in which BFAR suppressed cytokine-induced JAK2 signaling by activating JAK2 deubiquitination, thereby limiting downstream STAT1-mediated T reprogramming.

Quantitative Parameters of Intravoxel Incoherent Movement Imaging and Dynamic Contrast Enhancement MRI for the Prediction of HER2-Zero, -Low, and -Positive Breast Cancers.

Rationale And Objectives: To explore the predictive value of quantitative parameters from intravoxel incoherent movement (IVIM) imging and dynamic contrast enhancement MRI (DCE-MRI) for HER2 expression in breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 167 women with breast cancer who underwent MRI from December 2019 to December 2023, categorized into 48 HER2-positive, 78 HER2-low and 41 HER2-zero cancers. All patients underwent IVIM imaging and DCE-MRI.

Identification of Plasma Metabolites and Dipeptides as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Psoriasis Vulgaris through Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics.

Psoriasis, an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease, is primarily diagnosed through clinical assessment. Currently, specific markers for the accurate diagnosis and prediction of psoriatic disease are lacking. Here, we employed a three-step designed study to perform untargeted metabolomics, with the aim of identifying candidate biomarkers for psoriasis.

The Value of Necrotic Area Features in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Distinguishing Between Benign and Malignant Subpleural Pulmonary Lesions.

Objective: To analyze Necrotic Area Features of subpleural pulmonary lesions (SPLs) demonstrated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and investigate their value in differentiating between malignant and benign SPLs.

Methods: Patients with SPLs who underwent CEUS at our hospital from January to May 2021. The following patient information was recorded: (i) age, (ii) sex, (iii) lesion size, (iv) lesion location, (v) size of necrotic areas and (vi) necrotic area morphology, including sieve-like necrosis, necrotic area with septal enhancement, necrotic area with annular enhancement margins, and necrotic area with burr-like enhancement margins.

Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Nonacute Subdural Hematoma.

Background: The effect of embolization of the middle meningeal artery in patients with subacute or chronic subdural hematoma is uncertain.

Methods: We performed a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial in China, involving patients with symptomatic nonacute subdural hematoma with mass effect. Patients were assigned to undergo burr-hole drainage or receive nonsurgical treatment at the surgeon's discretion, and patients in each group were then randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to undergo middle meningeal artery embolization with liquid embolic material or to receive usual care.

CT-FFR by expanding coronary tree with Newton-Krylov-Schwarz method to solve the governing equations of CFD.

Aims: A new model of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based algorithm for coronary CT angiography (CCTA)-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) (CT-FFR) analysis by expanding the coronary tree to smaller-diameter lumen (0.8 mm) using Newton-Krylov-Schwarz (NKS) method to solve the three-dimensional time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations has been developed; however, the diagnostic performance of this new method has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of a novel CT-FFR technique by expanding the coronary tree in the CFD domain.

Improving Prediction Accuracy of Residual Axillary Lymph Node Metastases in Node-Positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Radiomics Analysis of Ultrasound-Guided Clip Locations Using the SHAP Method.

Rationale And Objectives: To construct a radiomics nomogram derived from multiparametric ultrasound (US) imaging using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method for the accurate identification of residual axillary lymph node metastases post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) among patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods: A total of 405 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed TNBC between 2016 and 2023 were recruited in the study and were divided into training (n = 284) and validation cohorts (n = 121). Radiomics features capturing detailed tumor characteristics were extracted from pre-NAC gray-scale US images at the locations of US-guided clip placement.

Study on the Mechanism of Raspberry (Rubi fructus) in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Validation.

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the chemical composition of raspberry using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology, predict the potential effects of raspberry in treating type 2 diabetes through network pharmacology, and conduct preliminary validation through in vitro experiments.

Methods: A Waters CORTECS C18 column (3.0 mm × 100 mm, 2.

UPLC-MS/MS analysis of axitinib and pharmacokinetic application in beagle dogs.

Objective: To develop a method for determining the concentration of axitinib in beagle dog plasma and utilize this method to investigate the pharmacokinetics of orally administered axitinib in beagle dogs.

Methods: Plasma samples were processed using acetonitrile precipitation and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS with sunitinib as an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Acquisition UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.

National and Subnational Trends of Mortality and Years of Life Lost Due to Stroke and Its Subtypes in Young Adults in China, 2005-2020.

Background And Objectives: The incidence of stroke among young adults was rising globally, but the death burden of stroke in young adults in China is lacking. We aimed to examine the temporal trends in mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) caused by stroke among young adults from 2005 to 2020 across China.

Methods: Based on the data from the National Mortality Surveillance System in China, we estimated the number and age-standardized rate of mortality and YLLs due to stroke and its subtypes among young adults aged 15-49 years during 2005-2020, for both China and its 31 mainland provinces.