Comparing the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Highland Barley -Glucan from Different Sources: A Focus on Color.

Herein, -glucan (BG) was extracted from different colored varieties of highland barley (HB, ), defined as BBG, WBG, and LBG depending on the colors of black, white, and blue and their molecular structure and physicochemical properties were investigated through a series of technical methods. The high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) results indicated the extracted BBG, LBG, and WBG mainly comprised glucose regardless of color. The molecular weight (M) of BBG, LBG, and WBG were 55.

Structural characteristics of linear dextrin and in vitro digestion of lauric acid complexes generated via gradient alcohol precipitation.

Linear dextrin (LD), a low-molecular-weight carbohydrate, regarded as a type of short amylose, can form resistant starch when combined with fatty acids. This study investigated the structural properties and in vitro digestion of linear dextrins and their complexes with lauric acid (LA). Four groups of linear dextrins were prepared by pretreating gelatinized high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) with pullulanase followed by gradient ethanol precipitation at concentrations of 0 %, 50 %, 60 %, and 70 % (v/v).

First-line cadonilimab plus chemotherapy in HER2-negative advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy have been the standard of care in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma; however, the survival benefits are modest in patients with low programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Here we investigated the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (PD-1/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) bispecific antibody) plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. The prespecified interim analysis is reported here.

iDIA-QC: AI-empowered data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry-based quality control.

Quality control (QC) in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is mainly based on data-dependent acquisition (DDA) analysis of standard samples. Here, we collect 2754 files acquired by data independent acquisition (DIA) and paired 2638 DDA files from mouse liver digests using 21 mass spectrometers across nine laboratories over 31 months. Our data demonstrate that DIA-based LC-MS/MS-related consensus QC metrics exhibit higher sensitivity compared to DDA-based QC metrics in detecting changes in LC-MS status.

Application of Deep Learning Accelerated Image Reconstruction in T2-weighted Turbo Spin Echo Imaging of the Brain at 7T.

Prolonged imaging times and motion sensitivity at 7T necessitate advancements in image acceleration techniques. This study evaluates a 7T deep-learning (DL)-based image reconstruction using a deep neural network trained on 7T data, applied to T2-weighted turbo spin echo imaging. Raw k-space data from 30 consecutive clinical 7T brain MRI patients was reconstructed using both DL and standard methods.

Enhancing the prediction of mutation status in Asian lung adenocarcinoma: a comprehensive approach combining clinical, dual-energy spectral computed tomography, and radiomics features.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a sub-type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is often associated with genetic alterations, including the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog () mutation. The mutation is particularly challenging to treat due to resistance to targeted therapies. This study aims to develop a predictive model for the mutation in patients with LUAD by integrating clinical, dual-energy spectral computed tomography (DESCT), and radiomics features.

Impact of Frailty on Antihypertensive Treatment in Older Adults.

Background: The association between systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality differs between frail and nonfrail individuals, highlighting uncertainties about the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatments in frail populations.

Methods: Using data from the SHEP trial (Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program), a baseline frailty index (FI), including 55 variables, was constructed. Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to explore the association between baseline FI and the risks of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause death, as well as to examine whether the impact of antihypertensive treatment on these outcomes was modified by baseline FI.

Validation Status of Electronic Sphygmomanometers in China: A National Survey.

Background: Although the information on the validation status of electronic sphygmomanometer (ES) devices in use in health care institutions and households is much more clinically relevant than that of ES models available on the market, it remains insufficient.

Methods: A national survey was conducted across all administrative regions of mainland China to assess the validation status of ESs. Fifty-eight cities were selected with stratification by municipality, provincial capital, and other cities, and health care institutions and households in each city were chosen by convenience to identify ES devices in use according to the study protocol.

Early Versus Delayed Antihypertensive Treatment After Acute Ischemic Stroke by Hypertension History.

Background: We performed a prespecified subgroup analysis of the CATIS-2 trial (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke II) to compare the effect of early versus delayed antihypertensive treatment on death and disability in patients with and without medical history of hypertension.

Methods: CATIS-2 is a multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in 106 hospitals in China. The trial randomized 4810 patients with acute ischemic stroke within 24 to 48 hours of symptom onset and elevated systolic blood pressure between 140 and <220 mm Hg to receive antihypertensive treatment immediately after randomization or to discontinue antihypertensive medications for 7 days and then receive treatment on day 8.

Nomogram for Predicting 90-day Outcomes in Patients with Acute Vertebrobasilar Artery Occlusion Undergoing Endovascular Treatment: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background And Purpose: In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a novel nomogram model for predicting 90-day non-favorable clinical outcomes in patients with acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion after endovascular treatment by integrating clinical and MRI features.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter retrospective study analyzed data from 181 patients with vertebrobasilar artery occlusion eligible for endovascular treatment from two Chinese stroke centers. We developed a predictive model for non-favorable clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score >3) using the data of 125 patients from Stroke Center A (2019-2023).

Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Ultrasonographic Features in 141 Cases of Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis.

Rationale And Objectives: To summarize the clinical features and ultrasonic characteristics of patients with cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM), and to enhance the understanding of CNGM in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the demographic data, clinical symptoms, and ultrasonic characteristics of 141 patients diagnosed with CNGM through pathological examination. This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2023BL02-054-01).

Constructing Bridge Hydroxyl Groups on the Ru/MO/HZSM-5 (M = W, Mo) Catalysts to Promote the Hydrolysis Oxidation of Multicomponent VOCs.

Chlorinated and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs and OVOCs) pose a significant threat to human health. Catalytic oxidation effectively removes these pollutants, but catalyst deactivation is a challenge. Our study focused on the hydrolysis oxidation of chlorobenzene (CB) and ethyl acetate (EA) over Ru/MO/HZSM-5 (M = W, Mo).

Revealing long-range heterogeneous organization of nucleoproteins with N-methyladenine footprinting.

A major challenge in epigenetics is uncovering the dynamic distribution of nucleosomes and other DNA-binding proteins, which plays a crucial role in regulating cellular functions. Established approaches such as ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, and CUT&RUN provide valuable insights but are limited by the ensemble nature of their data, masking the cellular and molecular heterogeneity that is often functionally significant. Recently, long-read sequencing technologies, particularly Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT/PacBio) sequencing, have introduced transformative capabilities, such as N-methyladenine (6mA) footprinting.

Increased Lateral Femoral Condyle Ratio Is Associated With a Greater Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Concomitant Anterolateral Ligament and Meniscus Injuries.

Purpose: To investigate whether lateral femoral condyle ratio (LFCR) and lateral femoral condyle index (LFCI) were associated with a greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and concomitant injuries.

Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 1, 2024.

Transcranial Cortex-Wide Imaging of Murine Ischemic Perfusion With Large-Field Multifocal Illumination Microscopy.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a common cause of death worldwide and a main cause of morbidity. Presently, laser speckle contrast imaging, x-ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are the mainstay for stroke diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in preclinical studies. These modalities are often limited in terms of their ability to map brain perfusion with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution, thus calling for development of new brain perfusion techniques featuring rapid imaging speed, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use.

Association Between Time to Treatment and Outcomes of Endovascular Therapy vs Medical Management in Patients With Large Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Objectives: Randomized trials have proven the benefit of endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute large ischemic stroke. This study was to characterize the effect of time to treatment on benefit of EVT vs medical management (MM) among patients with large ischemic stroke.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of the Endovascular Therapy in Acute Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusive Patients with a Large Infarct Core randomized trial.

Association between genomic instability score and progression-free/overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed non-BRCA1/2 ovarian cancer.

Objective: We sought to describe the association between genomic instability score (GIS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with newly diagnosed, non-BRCA1/2 ovarian cancer.

Methods: Homologous recombinant deficiency (HRD) status was based on a cutoff of ≥42 GIS; patients <42 were categorized with homologous recombination proficiency (HRP). We collected type and duration of maintenance therapy, among other variables, and built a multivariate model with landmark analysis at 6 months from baseline and applied it for time-dependent variables.

A Record-High Cryogenic Magnetocaloric Effect Discovered in EuCl Compound.

Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (ADR) based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is a promising technique to achieve cryogenic temperature. However, magnetic entropy change (Δ), the driving force of ADR, remains far below theoretical -Δ = ln(2 + 1)/ for most magnetic refrigerants. Here, we report giant MCE in orthorhombic EuCl, where a ferromagnetic ground state with excellent single-ion behavior of Eu and free spins has been demonstrated by combining calculations with Brillouin function analysis and magnetic measurements.

Engineered extracellular vesicles as nanosponges for lysosomal degradation of PCSK9.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a crucial role in the degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and PCSK9 inhibition emerges as an attractive strategy for atherosclerosis management. In this study, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were engineered to nanosponges, which could efficiently adsorb and deliver PCSK9 into lysosomes for degradation. Briefly, nanosponges were engineered by modifying EVs with EGF-A/PTGFRN fusion protein (PCSK9 binding domain EGF-A from the mutant LDLR with higher affinity was fused to the C terminus of prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator).

Disruption of PCSK9 Suppresses Inflammation and Attenuates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease without effective medications. PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9), a serine protease from the proprotein convertase family, has recently been associated with AAA in human genome-wide association studies. However, its role in AAA is unknown.

Trem2/Tyrobp Signaling Protects Against Aortic Dissection and Rupture by Inhibiting Macrophage Activation in Mice.

Background: The development of aortic dissection (AD) is closely associated with inflammation. The Trem2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2)/Tyrobp (TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein) signaling pathway critically regulates innate immunity and has emerged as an important target in cardiovascular diseases; however, its role in AD remains unclear.

Methods: Transcriptome data from human and mouse ADs were used to perform differentially expressed gene-based protein-protein interaction network analyses.