Publications by authors named "M-F Lin"
Chronic neuromuscular inactivity induces capillary regression within skeletal muscle. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of dietary nucleic acids in counteracting the capillary reduction linked to chronic neuromuscular inactivity in the soleus muscle. The study utilized four distinct groups of female Wistar rats: a control group (CON), a hindlimb-unloading group (HU), an HU group supplemented with DNA (HU + DNA), and an HU group supplemented with RNA (HU + RNA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is inversely associated with incident cardiovascular events, independent of HDL cholesterol. Obesity is characterized by low HDL cholesterol and impaired HDL function, such as CEC. Bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), broadly leads to improved cardiovascular outcomes, but impacts on risk factors differ by procedure, with greater improvements in weight loss, blood pressure, and glycemic control after RYGB, but greater improvements in HDL cholesterol and CEC levels after SG.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: The correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the occurrence of liver fibrosis is well-established. However, the longitudinal association between body composition and liver fibrosis progression in patients with T2DM remains incompletely explored.
Methods: Total of 390 patients with T2DM underwent body composition assessments, followed by a median duration of 2.
Leptin is an adipose tissue hormone that maintains homeostatic control of adipose tissue mass by regulating the activity of specific neural populations controlling appetite and metabolism. Leptin regulates food intake by inhibiting orexigenic agouti-related protein (AGRP) neurons and activating anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. However, whereas AGRP neurons regulate food intake on a rapid time scale, acute activation of POMC neurons has only a minimal effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is commonly used to guide treatment for solid tumors and myeloid neoplasms, but its effectiveness for lymphoid and histiocytic cancers is less established.
- In a study of 105 CGP samples from patients with non-myeloid hematologic malignancies, 88% showed pathogenic mutations, with 72% of patients having mutations that could influence their treatment or prognosis.
- The study found that CGP led to a significant change in management for 22% of patients, particularly in cases where resistance variants were identified, affecting treatment decisions in nearly 70% of those cases.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluated the use of copy number variation (CNV) origin analysis in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to enhance its clinical application, involving over 35,000 patients from January 2019 to March 2023.
- Out of the pregnancies tested, 109 showed significant CNV results, with a majority being maternal/foetal CNVs; findings indicated that many of these abnormalities were small and had low penetrance.
- The diagnostic accuracy differed significantly between prenatal diagnoses for foetal CNVs compared to maternal/foetal CNVs, highlighting the potential effectiveness of NIPT in identifying genetic abnormalities in pregnancies.
Article Synopsis
- Identifying dysregulation of -cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is essential, as weight changes during treatment can impact islet cell function, yet this connection is not well-studied.
- A longitudinal study of 775 T2DM patients over approximately 2.29 years measured various body composition metrics and assessed insulin, C-peptide, and glucose levels post-glucose load.
- Findings showed no significant changes in BMI, but those at readmission had increased fat mass and insulin resistance; specifically, higher fat mass was linked to worsening insulin resistance, while greater appendicular skeletal muscle mass was associated with better insulin function.
Functional ankle instability (FAI) patients often experience restricted ankle dorsiflexion, increased inversion angle, and elevated ground reaction forces during walking, all related to altered kinematics of the talocrural and subtalar joints. This study aimed to investigate the potential positive impact of joint mobilization on FAI patients from a biomechanical perspective. The experimental group (EG, n = 17; Age: 20.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study tested various AI face-swapping models on videos of epileptic seizures to maintain patient privacy while preserving important clinical details.
- Three open-source models were used to replace original faces in seizure videos, with evaluations conducted by both AI metrics and expert clinicians.
- Results showed that all models were effective at concealing original identities, but the GHOST model was slightly better at preserving clinically relevant details, suggesting potential for enhancing educational resources while protecting patients' identities.
Natural products can provide versatile substructures with potential bioactivity and biocompatibility for exploring bioactive compounds. Herein, to explore novel natural product-derived antifungal agents, 21 unreported -carvone-based pyrazole-oxime ester compounds were synthesised using carvone as raw material, and structurally characterised by means of FT-IR,H NMR,C NMR, and HRMS. The results of the bioactivity tests showed that the target compounds exhibited certain antifungal activity against the eight tested plant fungi at the concentration of 50 mg/L, especially for .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunological priming-in the context of either prior infection or vaccination-elicits protective responses against subsequent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, the changes that occur in the lung cellular milieu post-primary Mtb infection and their contributions to protection upon reinfection remain poorly understood. Using clinical and microbiological endpoints in a non-human primate reinfection model, we demonstrated that prior Mtb infection elicited a long-lasting protective response against subsequent Mtb exposure and was CD4 T cell dependent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide modest but unsatisfactory benefits for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Developing strategies for treating ES-SCLC is critical.
Methods: We preliminarily explored the outcomes of salvage low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) plus ICI on refractory SCLC patients.
Background: Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed medications, but evidence on comparative weight change for specific first-line treatments is limited.
Objective: To compare weight change across common first-line antidepressant treatments by emulating a target trial.
Design: Observational cohort study over 24 months.
Individual Prognostication of Disease Activity and Disability Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis With Retinal Layer Thickness Scores.
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
September 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to evaluate how age-adjusted scores from retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) can predict future disease activity and disability worsening in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).
- Researchers created age-adjusted reference values for specific retinal measurements using data from healthy eyes and transformed existing data from PwMS into these scores for comparison.
- Results showed that lower scores (pRNFL-z) were linked to a greater risk of disability worsening, with significant findings from two different cohorts highlighting the importance of retinal imaging in assessing MS progression.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers sequenced the genomes of 822 families with suspected rare monogenic diseases that were previously undiagnosed through standard genetic tests, including exome sequencing.
- They found that genome sequencing provided a molecular diagnosis for 29.3% of the initial families, with 8.2% requiring genome sequencing to identify variants that exome sequencing missed.
- The study showed that both research and clinical approaches could benefit from genome sequencing, demonstrating its importance in uncovering previously undetected genetic variations.
Background: To investigate the peripheral nervous system involvement in sialidosis with typical features of myoclonus, seizure, and giant waves in somatosensory evoked potentials suggesting hyperexcitability in the central nervous system.
Methods: The clinical presentation of patients with genetically confirmed sialidosis was recorded. Neurophysiological studies, including nerve conduction studies (NCSs), F-wave studies, and needle electromyography (EMG), were performed on these patients.
Background: Studies comparing bridging intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with direct endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke who present late are limited. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and safety of bridging IVT in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who underwent EVT 6 to 24 hours after time last known well.
Methods: We enrolled patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke and a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥6 from 20 centers across 10 countries in the multicenter retrospective CLEAR study (CT for Late Endovascular Reperfusion) between January 2014 and May 2022.
In recent years, brainprint recognition has emerged as a novel method of personal identity verification. Although studies have demonstrated the feasibility of this technology, some limitations hinder its further development into the society, such as insufficient efficiency (extended wear time for multi-channel EEG cap), complex experimental paradigms (more time in learning and completing experiments), and unclear neurobiological characteristics (lack of intuitive biomarkers and an inability to eliminate the impact of noise on individual differences). Overall, these limitations are due to the incomplete understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: There is uncertainty whether patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) presenting in the late 6-hour to 24-hour time window can be selected for endovascular therapy (EVT) by noncontrast CT (NCCT) and CT angiography (CTA) for LVO detection. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients selected for EVT by NCCT compared with those medically managed in the extended time window.
Methods: This multinational cohort study was conducted at 66 sites across 10 countries.
This parallel-arm, phase I study investigated the potential cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A induction effect of NBI-1065845 (TAK-653), an investigational α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor potentiator in phase II development for major depressive disorder. The midazolam treatment arm received the sensitive CYP3A substrate midazolam on Day 1, followed by NBI-1065845 alone on Days 5-13; on Day 14, NBI-1065845 was administered with midazolam, then NBI-1065845 alone on Day 15. The oral contraceptive treatment arm received ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel on Day 1, then NBI-1065845 alone on Days 5-13; on Day 14, NBI-1065845 was administered with ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel, then NBI-1065845 alone on Days 15-17.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study is the first extensive investigation of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in Taiwan, revealing significant medical resource use and emphasizing the need for early diagnosis to improve care quality.
- Researchers analyzed data from 319 validated OI patients, noting that most were identified before age 20, and highlighting high hospitalization rates and costs primarily due to lower limb fractures.
- Findings indicated that early validation is crucial, as younger patients require fewer surgeries and have better survival rates than those validated later in life, with mortality mainly linked to OI complications and related diseases.*
Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology.
Nature
March 2024
Article Synopsis
- Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease influenced by various genetic factors and molecular mechanisms that vary by cell type and ancestry.
- In a large study involving over 2.5 million individuals, researchers identified 1,289 significant genetic associations linked to T2D, including 145 new loci not previously reported.
- The study categorized T2D signals into eight distinct clusters based on their connections to cardiometabolic traits and showed that these genetic profiles are linked to vascular complications, emphasizing the role of obesity-related processes across different ancestry groups.
Article Synopsis
- A study conducted at 25 hospitals compared the effectiveness of two antiseptic solutions (iodine povacrylex and chlorhexidine gluconate) in preventing surgical-site infections during extremity fracture surgeries.
- Results showed that iodine povacrylex led to a lower rate of infections in patients with closed fractures (2.4% vs. 3.3%) but did not show a significant difference for open fractures (6.5% vs. 7.3%).
- Ultimately, the study concluded that iodine povacrylex is a more effective skin antiseptic for closed extremity fractures, resulting in fewer infections compared to chlorhexidine, though both had similar outcomes for reoperations and adverse events.
Background: The association between sex and outcome after endovascular thrombectomy of acute ischemic stroke is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and safety outcomes between men and women treated with endovascular thrombectomy in the late 6-to-24-hour window period.
Methods: This multicenter, retrospective observational cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy of anterior circulation stroke in the late window from 66 clinical sites in 10 countries from January 2014 to May 2022.