Differences in Ancestry and Presence of Gastric Precursor Lesions in Individuals With Young- and Average-Onset Gastric Cancer.

Background: There has been a paradoxical rise in young-onset gastric cancer (YOGC), defined as gastric cancer (GC) diagnosed before age 50. Precursor lesions may contribute to pathogenesis, though their role in progression to different histologic subtypes is unclear. The impact of self-reported race is also poorly characterized and may be unreliable as a proxy for genetic differences.

Nationwide, Couple-Based Genetic Carrier Screening.

Background: Genomic sequencing technology allows for identification of reproductive couples with an increased chance, as compared with that in the general population, of having a child with an autosomal recessive or X-linked genetic condition.

Methods: We investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of a nationwide, couple-based genetic carrier screening program in Australia as part of the Mackenzie's Mission project. Health care providers offered screening to persons before pregnancy or early in pregnancy.

Synthesis and properties of metal trifluoride complexes with amide-functionalised tacn macrocycles and radiofluorination of [GaF(L1)] by F/F isotopic exchange.

Three amide-functionalised tacn macrocyclic derivatives (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) are reported, two tris-amide derivatives, L1 containing three -CHC(O)NHPh pendant arms, L2 containing three -CHCHC(O)NHPr pendant arms, and one -amide, L3, containing Pr groups on two of the tacn amine functions and a single -CHC(O)NHPh function on the third. The reactions of these new ligands towards [MF(dmso)(OH)] (M = Al, Ga) and towards FeF·3HO in alcoholic solution afford the complexes [MF(L)] (L = L1-L3) in good yields as powdered solids. These complexes are characterised by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (diamagnetic species only) and mass spectrometry.

Prebiotic galactooligosaccharide feed modifies the chicken gut microbiota to efficiently clear .

Unlabelled: Chicken meat is contaminated with from the gut of infected chickens during slaughter. Eradication of from broiler chickens through hygiene measures and/or vaccination is not cost-effective; complementary approaches are required. A mature gut microbiota obstructs infection in chickens, and deliberate fortification of colonization resistance through prebiotic feed formulations would benefit public health and poultry production.

Development of the Saini-Hodgins Addiction Risk Potential of Games (SHARP-G) Scale: An International Delphi study.

Background And Objectives: As the gaming industry experiences exponential growth, concerns about gaming disorder (GD) also grow. It is crucial to understand the structural features of games that can interact with individual characteristics of gamers to promote GD. This research consolidates the views of an international body of panelists to create an assessment tool for gauging the addictive potential of distinct games.

Esophago-gastric junction findings on high resolution impedance manometry in children with esophageal atresia.

Objectives: Using high resolution impedance manometry (HRIM), this study characterized the esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) dynamics in children with esophageal atresia (EA).

Method: Esophageal HRIM was performed in patients with EA aged less than 18 years. Objective motility patterns were analyzed, and EGJ data reported.

Self-expanding foam versus preperitoneal packing for exsanguinating pelvic hemorrhage.

Background: Mortality for pelvic fracture patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock ranges from 21% to 57%. The objective of this study was to develop a lethal and clinically relevant pelvic hemorrhage animal model with and without bony fracture for evaluating therapeutic interventions. ResQFoam is a self-expanding foam that has previously been described to significantly decrease mortality in large-animal models of abdominal exsanguination.

Early post-treatment MRI predicts long-term hepatocellular carcinoma response to radiation segmentectomy.

Objectives: Radiation segmentectomy using yttrium-90 plays an emerging role in the management of early-stage HCC. However, the value of early post-treatment MRI for response assessment is uncertain. We assessed the value of response criteria obtained early after radiation segmentectomy in predicting long-term response in patients with HCC.

Restoring particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon through regenerative agriculture.

Sustainability of agricultural production and mitigation of global warming rely on the regeneration of soil organic carbon (SOC), in particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) forms. We conducted a global systematic meta-analysis of the effects of regenerative management practices on SOC, POC, and MAOC in cropland, finding: 1) no-till (NT) and cropping system intensification increase SOC (11.3% and 12.

Integrated safety analysis of baricitinib in adults with severe alopecia areata from two randomized clinical trials.

Background: Baricitinib, an oral, selective, reversible Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitor, is an approved treatment for adults with severe alopecia areata (AA) in the USA, European Union and Japan.

Objectives: To report safety data for baricitinib in patients with severe AA from two clinical trials including long-term extension periods.

Methods: This analysis includes pooled patient-level safety data from two trials, an adaptive phase II/III trial (BRAVE-AA1) and a phase III trial (BRAVE-AA2) (ClinicalTrials.

Multiomics in primary and metastatic breast tumors from the AURORA US network finds microenvironment and epigenetic drivers of metastasis.

The AURORA US Metastasis Project was established with the goal to identify molecular features associated with metastasis. We assayed 55 females with metastatic breast cancer (51 primary cancers and 102 metastases) by RNA sequencing, tumor/germline DNA exome and low-pass whole-genome sequencing and global DNA methylation microarrays. Expression subtype changes were observed in ~30% of samples and were coincident with DNA clonality shifts, especially involving HER2.

Contact Tracing and Exposure Investigation in Response to the First Case of Monkeypox Virus Infection in the United States During the 2022 Global Monkeypox Outbreak.

Background: In May 2022, the first case of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection in the United States in the current global outbreak was identified. As part of the public health and health care facility response, a contact tracing and exposure investigation was done.

Objective: To describe the contact tracing, exposure identification, risk stratification, administration of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and exposure period monitoring for contacts of the index patient, including evaluation of persons who developed symptoms possibly consistent with MPXV infection.

HCC screening with ultrasound: assessment of quality using ultrasound LI-RADS score.

Purpose: To describe ultrasound (US) quality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening/surveillance using the US LI-RADS scoring system, and to assess predictive factors of worse US quality scores.

Methods: This retrospective study included adult patients (n = 470; M/F 264/206, median age 59y) at risk for HCC that underwent US for HCC screening/surveillance. US examinations were independently reviewed by 2 radiologists that assigned a visualization score (A: no/minimal, B: moderate, C: severe limitation) and US diagnostic category (US LI-RADS 1: negative, US LI-RADS 2: subthreshold, US LI-RADS 3: positive) to each study.

Durable protection against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is induced by an adjuvanted subunit vaccine.

Despite the remarkable efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, waning immunity and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Omicron represents a global health challenge. Here, we present data from a study in nonhuman primates demonstrating durable protection against the Omicron BA.1 variant induced by a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine comprising the receptor binding domain of the ancestral strain (RBD-Wu) on the I53-50 nanoparticle adjuvanted with AS03, which was recently authorized for use in individuals 18 years or older.

The Effects of Modifying Amount and Type of Dietary Carbohydrate on Esophageal Acid Exposure Time and Esophageal Reflux Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: This is the first randomized controlled diet intervention trial to investigate both the amount and type of carbohydrate on symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Methods: Ninety-eight veterans with symptomatic GERD were randomly assigned to high total/high simple, high total/low simple, low total/high simple, or low total/low simple carbohydrate diet for 9 weeks. The primary outcomes were esophageal acid exposure time (AET) and total number of reflux episodes derived from 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring.

Structure of the MRAS-SHOC2-PP1C phosphatase complex.

RAS-MAPK signalling is fundamental for cell proliferation and is altered in most human cancers. However, our mechanistic understanding of how RAS signals through RAF is still incomplete. Although studies revealed snapshots for autoinhibited and active RAF-MEK1-14-3-3 complexes, the intermediate steps that lead to RAF activation remain unclear.

Contribution of the Skin-Gut Axis to Immune-Related Adverse Events with Multi-System Involvement.

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) frequently complicate treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, which are commonly used to treat solid and hematologic malignancies. The skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract are most frequently affected by irAEs. While extensive efforts to further characterize organ-specific adverse events have contributed to the understanding and management of individual toxicities, investigations into the relationship between multi-organ toxicities have been limited.

[F]Fluoro-DCP, a first generation PET radiotracer for monitoring protein sulfenylation in vivo.

Redox metabolism plays essential functions in the pathology of cancer and many other diseases. While several radiotracers for imaging redox metabolism have been developed, there are no reports of radiotracers for in vivo imaging of protein oxidation. Here we take the first step towards this goal and describe the synthesis and kinetic properties of a new positron emission tomography (PET) [F]Fluoro-DCP radiotracer for in vivo imaging of protein sulfenylation.

Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Noncritically Ill Patients with Covid-19.

Background: Thrombosis and inflammation may contribute to the risk of death and complications among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). We hypothesized that therapeutic-dose anticoagulation may improve outcomes in noncritically ill patients who are hospitalized with Covid-19.

Methods: In this open-label, adaptive, multiplatform, controlled trial, we randomly assigned patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and who were not critically ill (which was defined as an absence of critical care-level organ support at enrollment) to receive pragmatically defined regimens of either therapeutic-dose anticoagulation with heparin or usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis.

Blood flow restriction in the presence or absence of muscle contractions does not preserve vasculature structure and function following 14-days of limb immobilization.

Purpose: Limb immobilization causes local vasculature to experience detrimental adaptations. Simple strategies to increase blood flow (heating, fidgeting) successfully prevent acute (≤ 1 day) impairments; however, none have leveraged the hyperemic response over prolonged periods (weeks) mirroring injury rehabilitation. Throughout a 14-day unilateral limb immobilization, we sought to preserve vascular structure and responsiveness by repeatedly activating a reactive hyperemic response via blood flow restriction (BFR) and amplifying this stimulus by combining BFR with electric muscle stimulation (EMS).