Improving mandibular reconstruction by using topology optimization, patient specific design and additive manufacturing?-A biomechanical comparison against miniplates on human specimen.

In this study, topology optimized, patient specific osteosynthesis plates (TOPOS-implants) are evaluated for the mandibular reconstruction using fibula segments. These shape optimized implants are compared to a standard treatment with miniplates (thickness: 1.0 mm, titanium grade 4) in biomechanical testing using human cadaveric specimen.

Beam-position monitors in the X-ray undulator beamline at PETRA.

At the 12 GeV storage ring PETRA, the first synchrotron radiation beamline uses a 4 m-long undulator. The beamline, with a length of 130 m between source and sample, delivers hard X-ray photons usable up to 300 keV. The photon beam has a total power of 7 kW.

The pragmatic function of children's questions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pragmatic function of preschool children's spontaneously produced questions. Twenty-four normal children between the age of 2 and 5 years were observed in a variety of situations at their day-care centers. Questions produced during these observation periods were categorized by pragmatic function.