Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Promotes Liver Fibrosis by Inducing Hepatocellular Death.

The activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1α and 2α in the liver is closely linked to the progression of fatty liver diseases. Prior studies indicated that disrupting hepatocyte HIF-2α attenuates diet-induced hepatic steatosis, subsequently decreasing fibrosis. However, the direct role of hepatocyte HIF-2α in liver fibrosis has not been addressed.

Lipidome profiling in advanced metabolic liver disease identifies phosphatidylserine synthase 1 as a regulator of hepatic lipoprotein metabolism.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by defective lipid metabolism, which causes disease progression. MASH is also linked to various cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The contribution of defective lipid metabolism in MASH to cardiometabolic comorbidities is incompletely understood.

Inhibitors of malaria parasite cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases block asexual blood-stage development and mosquito transmission.

Cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play essential roles in regulating the malaria parasite life cycle, suggesting that they may be promising antimalarial drug targets. PDE inhibitors are used safely to treat a range of noninfectious human disorders. Here, we report three subseries of fast-acting and potent PDEβ inhibitors that block asexual blood-stage parasite development and that are also active against human clinical isolates.

Vision screening for preschoolers with commercial insurance: impact of geography.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends pediatric vision screening to detect and refer vision disorders during the critical early years when intervention yields the greatest benefits. We determined the rate of vision screening for US children 3-5 years of age with commercial insurance and compared rates among those living in rural versus urban areas. Children in rural compared with urban areas were expected to have lower rates of vision screening.

Access to vision care for children from immigrant and nonimmigrant households: evidence from the National Survey of Children's Health 2018-2019.

Purpose: To investigate whether immigrant generation is associated with caregiver-reported receipt of vision testing.

Methods: Nationally representative data from the 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health was used. The primary exposure was immigrant generation, with first generation defined as child and all reported parents born outside the United States; second generation, as child born in the United States but at least one parent born outside the United States; and third generation, as all parents in the household born in the United States.