A novel prenatal alcohol use risk perception model: feedback from a Delphi process.

Understanding prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) risk perception is important for the communication and prevention of alcohol use during pregnancy. A previous systematic review has explored the dimensions and influencing factors of women's PAE risk perceptions, leading to the construction of Pregnancy Alcohol Use Risk Perception (PARP) conceptual model. This study aims to refine the PARP model using a Delphi process.

The impact of the Sustainable Development Goals on global policies on sustainable consumption and production.

While some of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) rely on the support of established international organizations and regimes, others lack strong institutions in their governance areas. This raises the question of whether the SDGs can contribute to strengthening these less institutionalized areas in global governance, which would make these goals important factors in advancing international institutionalization. We study this question with a focus on SDG 12, which targets sustainable consumption and production.

Transcranial ultrasound modeling using the spectral-element method.

This work explores techniques for accurately modeling the propagation of ultrasound waves in lossy fluid-solid media, such as within transcranial ultrasound, using the spectral-element method. The objectives of this work are twofold, namely, (1) to present a formulation of the coupled viscoacoustic-viscoelastic wave equation for the spectral-element method in order to incorporate attenuation in both fluid and solid regions and (2) to provide an end-to-end workflow for performing spectral-element simulations in transcranial ultrasound. The matrix-free implementation of this high-order finite-element method is very well-suited for performing waveform-based ultrasound simulations for both transcranial imaging and focused ultrasound treatment thanks to its excellent accuracy, flexibility for dealing with complex geometries, and computational efficiency.

Australian general practice registrars' billing patterns: a cross-sectional analysis from the Registrars Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) study.

Background: In Australia, a government insurance scheme (Medicare) pays set rebates for a range of distinct general practitioner (GP) services. GPs may 'bulk-bill' and accept the Medicare rebate fee directly, or 'privately-bill' by charging the patient a higher fee that is partially reimbursed by Medicare. The billing behaviour of Australian GP registrars (trainees) and their decision to bulk- or privately-bill patients is an evidence gap.

Snakebite envenoming in Africa remains widely neglected and demands multidisciplinary attention.

Snakebite envenoming can cause morbidity, permanent disability or death but treatment and prevention thereof remains highly inadequate in Africa. Overcoming structural and financial barriers that impede existing initiatives to improve medical management and mitigate human-snake conflict is urgently needed.