Intranasal delivery of a ghrelin mimetic engages the brain ghrelin signalling system in mice.

Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), promotes food intake, other feeding behaviours and stimulates growth hormone (GH) release from the pituitary. Growth hormone secretagogues (GHS), such as GHRP-6 and MK-0677, are synthetic GHSR ligands that activate orexigenic Neuropeptide Y neurons that co-express Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus when administered systemically. Systemic GHRP-6 also stimulates GH release in humans and rats.

Low Bacterial Biomass in Human Pancreatic Cancer and Adjacent Normal Tissue.

The gut microbiome plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of luminal gastrointestinal malignancies and response to antineoplastic therapy. Preclinical studies have suggested a role of intratumoral gammaproteobacteria in mediating response to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the impact of the PDAC microbiome on chemotherapy response using samples from human pancreatic tumor resections.

The Effect of Resistance and/or Aerobic Training on Quality of Life, Fitness, and Body Composition in Prostate Cancer Patients-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Prostate cancer (PC) and its treatment are often associated with side effects such as fatigue, muscle loss, and diminished quality of life (QoL). Physical exercise, particularly resistance training (RT) and aerobic training (AT), has been suggested as a strategy to mitigate these effects. However, the comparative efficacy of RT, AT, and combined RT/AT on QoL, body composition, physical fitness, and laboratory markers in PC patients is still insufficiently understood.

Infectious complications following transperineal prostate biopsy with or without periprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis-a systematic review including meta-analysis of all comparative studies.

Background: Despite the relatively low infection rate following transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB), it remains unresolved whether periprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) can be omitted. Our aim was to compare infectious complications (genitourinary infections/GUI, fever, sepsis, readmission rate, 30-day-mortality) following TPB, considering all studies of varying levels of evidence that enable a direct comparison between patients with and without PAP.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, as well as grey literature sources, to identify reports published until January 2024.

Macroevolutionary inference of complex modes of chromosomal speciation in a cosmopolitan plant lineage.

The effects of single chromosome number change-dysploidy - mediating diversification remain poorly understood. Dysploidy modifies recombination rates, linkage, or reproductive isolation, especially for one-fifth of all eukaryote lineages with holocentric chromosomes. Dysploidy effects on diversification have not been estimated because modeling chromosome numbers linked to diversification with heterogeneity along phylogenies is quantitatively challenging.