Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Pathophysiology and Treatment Modalities.

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a critical complication that significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality of sepsis patients. This narrative review explores the complex and multifactorial pathophysiology of S-AKI, which involves hemodynamic alterations, microcirculatory dysfunction, endothelial damage, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and direct tubular injury. Conventional perspectives linking S-AKI primarily to reduced renal blood flow are now being reconsidered, with growing insights highlighting the significance of microcirculatory dysfunction and endothelial activation as key contributors.

In vivo antitumor activity of PHT-427 inhibitor-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Recent studies on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumorigenesis have revealed several dysregulated molecular pathways. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is frequently activated in HNSCC, making it an attractive target for therapies. PHT-427 is a dual inhibitor of PI3K and the mammalian target of AKT/PDK1.

A paired study comparing mononuclear cell collection using a new in-line system with an off-line extracorporeal photopheresis apheresis system.

Background: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) product characteristics are not well established. The aim of this study was to compare mononuclear cells (MNCs) collection using the new Amicus blue (AB) In-line ECP system to our standard Off-line ECP system using the Optia apheresis device and the MacoGenic G2 inactivation system (OM).

Study Design And Methods: We assessed the ECP products and procedure parameters, patient characteristics, and adverse events for both AB and OM systems in paired patients.

Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy with Erythrosin B, Eosin Y, and Rose Bengal for the inhibition of fungal keratitis isolates: An in vitro study.

Introduction: Fungal keratitis is a leading cause of corneal blindness, with current antifungal treatments having limited efficacy. One promising treatment modality is Rose Bengal (RB) photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) that has shown mixed success against fungal keratitis. Therefore, there is a need to explore the antimicrobial efficacy of other green-light activated photosensitizers that have deep penetration in the cornea to combat the deep fungal infections, such as Erythrosin B (EB) and Eosin Y (EY).

Peptide Toxins from Marine Snails with Activity on Potassium Channels and/or Currents.

Toxins from snails are peptides characterized by a great structural and functional diversity. They have a high affinity for a wide range of membrane proteins such as ion channels, neurotransmitter transporters, and G protein-coupled receptors. Potassium ion channels are integral proteins of cell membranes that play vital roles in physiological processes in muscle and neuron cells, among others, and reports in the literature indicate that perturbation in their function (by mutations or ectopic expression) may result in the development and progression of different ailments in humans.