One-Pot Procedure for the Synthesis of 1,5-Benzodiazepines from N-Allyl-2-bromoanilines.

A new one-pot procedure that includes an initial titanium-catalyzed intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation of N-allyl-2-bromoanilines with N-methylanilines and a subsequent intramolecular Buchwald-Hartwig amination directly gives access to pharmacologically relevant 1,5-benzodiazepines. The process takes advantage of the excellent regioselectivity of the initial hydroaminoalkylation performed in the presence of a titanium mono(formamidinate) catalyst and the fact that the exclusively formed branched hydroaminoalkylation products can only undergo palladium-catalyzed cyclization to 1,5-benzodiazepines.

Reconstructing the human hematopoietic niche in immunodeficient mice: opportunities for studying primary multiple myeloma.

Interactions within the hematopoietic niche in the BM microenvironment are essential for maintenance of the stem cell pool. In addition, this niche is thought to serve as a sanctuary site for malignant progenitors during chemotherapy. Therapy resistance induced by interactions with the BM microenvironment is a major drawback in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and bone-metastasizing solid tumors.

Penetration of antibody-opsonized cells by the membrane attack complex of complement promotes Ca(2+) influx and induces streamers.

We have reported that during complement-mediated cytolysis of B cells promoted by the CD20 mAbs rituximab or ofatumumab (OFA), long, thin structures that we call streamers (≥ 3 cell diameters) are rapidly generated and grow out from the cell surface. Streamers appear before cells are killed and contain opsonizing mAbs and membrane lipids. By exploiting the differential Ca(2+) requirements of discrete steps in the complement cascade, we determined that mAb-opsonized cells first tagged with C3b using C5-depleted serum are killed on addition of serum and EDTA, but the cells do not produce streamers.