Direct laser write lithography for high optical quality electrowetting prisms.

This study demonstrates the fabrication and evaluation of a monolithic electrowetting prism with a minimized electrode gap. The electrically tunable prism is capable of two-dimensional beam steering of approximately ±4 degrees under voltage differentials up to ±15 V. The main innovation lies in reducing the electrode gap to 30 μm, accomplished using direct write laser lithography on three dimensional substrates.

Effect of barley processing and enzyme supplementation on broiler performance, gut morphometry, and the occurrence of ascites syndrome in broiler chickens.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of processed barley grains and their influence upon growth performance, gut function, and the occurrence of ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Day-old broilers (n=504) were randomly assigned to six treatments (3 levels of grain processing × 2 levels of enzyme supplementation). Results showed that chicks fed with germinated barley significantly gained more weight compared to unprocessed barley in all feeding stages (P = 0.

Opto2P-FCM: A MEMS based miniature two-photon microscope with two-photon patterned optogenetic stimulation.

Multiphoton microscopy combined with optogenetic photostimulation is a powerful technique in neuroscience enabling precise control of cellular activity to determine the neural basis of behavior in a live animal. Two-photon patterned photostimulation has taken this further by allowing interrogation at the individual neuron level. However, it remains a challenge to implement imaging of neural activity with spatially patterned two-photon photostimulation in a freely moving animal.

Tunable liquid lens for three-photon excitation microscopy.

We demonstrate a novel electrowetting liquid combination using a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) and a nonpolar liquid, 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexene (PCH) suitable for focus-tunable 3-photon microscopy. We show that both liquids have over 90% transmission at 1300 nm over a 1.1 mm pathlength and an index of refraction contrast of 0.