Behavioral sensitization and tolerance induced by repeated treatment with ketamine enantiomers in male Wistar rats.

Ketamine has gained significant attention as a fast-acting antidepressant. However, ketamine is also associated with undesirable side effects. In our preclinical study, we explored the behavioral effects of ketamine enantiomers at subanesthetic doses.

Increased pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the central bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in mood disorders in men.

The mood disorders major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are highly prevalent worldwide. Women are more vulnerable to these psychopathologies than men. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), the amygdala, and the hypothalamus are the crucial interconnected structures involved in the stress response.

Differences between inflammatory cells infiltrated into tunica intima, media, and adventitia of ascending aortic aneurysms within diabetic and hypertensive patients.

The risk factors that are the most significant for the development of most cardiovascular diseases are arterial hypertension (AH), type 2 diabetes (DM), and inflammation. However, for the development of aortic aneurysms, DM is not one of them. Our study aimed to evaluate the difference between inflammatory infiltration in three individual layers of the ascending aortic aneurysm within diabetic and hypertensive patients.

Pseudo-irreversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Structure-activity relationships, computational and crystallographic study of the N-dialkyl O-arylcarbamate warhead.

Alongside reversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors, a plethora of covalent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors have been reported in the literature, typically pseudo-irreversible carbamates. For these latter, however, most cases lack full confirmation of their covalent mode of action. Additionally, the available reports regarding the structure-activity relationships of the O-arylcarbamate warhead are incomplete.

Rat Group IIA Secreted Phospholipase A Binds to Cytochrome c Oxidase and Inhibits Its Activity: A Possible Episode in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive form of dementia, is characterized by the increased expression of secreted phospholipase A group IIA (GIIA) in the affected tissue and the dysfunction of neuronal mitochondria, similar to that induced by an orthologous GIIA from snake venom, β-neurotoxic ammodytoxin (Atx), in the motor neurons. To advance our knowledge about the role of GIIA in AD, we studied the effect of rat GIIA on the neuronal mitochondria and compared it with that of the Atx. We produced recombinant rat GIIA (rGIIA) and its enzymatically inactive mutant, rGIIA(D49S), and demonstrated that they interact with the subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase (CCOX-II) as Atx.