Glenoid and humeral bone loss is associated with a high incidence of recurrent shoulder instability and failure of arthroscopic stabilization procedures. However, the radiographic evaluation of bony Bankart and Hill-Sachs injuries continues to pose a diagnostic challenge, and a universally accepted optimal method of measurement is lacking. The purpose of this review is to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques and imaging modalities available for measuring glenoid bone loss in shoulder instability, including conventional roentgenography, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Review the subsequent impact of recommendations made by the 2004 American Surgical Association Blue Ribbon Committee (BRC I) Report on Surgical Education.
Background: Current leaders of the American College of Surgeons and the American Surgical Association convened an expert panel to review the impact of the BRC I report and make recommendations for future improvements in surgical education.
Methods: BRC I members reviewed the 2004 recommendations in light of the current status of surgical education.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted healthcare resource allocation and utilization of preventative medical services. It is unknown if there is resultant stage migration of melanoma, breast, and colorectal cancer when comparing extended time periods before and after the pandemic onset.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study of melanoma, breast, and colorectal cancer patients was completed.
Effective portfolio management is crucial for innovation and sustaining revenue in pharmaceutical companies. This article holistically reviews trends, challenges, and approaches to pharmaceutical portfolio management and focuses, in particular, on cognitive biases in portfolio decision-making. Portfolio managers strongly rely on external innovation and face increasing competitive pressure and portfolio complexity.
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