Empathy levels among undergraduate medical students in Pakistan, a cross sectional study using Jefferson scale of physician empathy.

Objective: To determine empathy level among undergraduate medical students with respect to gender and the year of study.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the University College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan, from December, 2015, to January, 2016, and comprised undergraduate medical students of either gender in all the five years of their course. Data was collected using the student version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting as a pseudotumor in a 2-month-old boy.

The authors report on a 2-month-old boy presenting with a right renal mass. Investigations including ultrasound scan and computed tomogram were suggestive of a renal tumor. A right nephrectomy was performed with great difficulty because of dense adhesions to the adjacent structures.

Anterior urethral valves: a rare cause of infravesical obstruction in children.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the clinical presentation, mode of diagnosis, and treatment of patients with anterior urethral valves (AUV), a rare congenital anomaly causing infravesical obstruction in children.

Methods: Three patients with anterior urethral valves were admitted in the Pediatric Urology Unit at The Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, during the period 1997 through 1998. Main clinical features included difficulty in voiding, dribbling of urine, incontinence, poor urinary stream, hematuria, and urinary tract infections.

Congenital anterior urethral diverticula in children.

The author reports his experience with five children with an anterior urethral diverticulum. Their ages ranged from 22 days to 3 years and presenting features included a penile mass, dribbling of urine, poor urinary stream, urinary-tract infection, and haematuria. Transurethral resection (TUR) of both the proximal and distal rims was performed in four patients, resulting in immediate relief of obstruction post-operatively.