Evaluation of a Hepatitis C Patient Management Program at a University Specialty Pharmacy.

Background: The University of Rochester (UR) Specialty Pharmacy hepatitis C patient management program offers a unique advantage of being integrated within the same health system as the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) Gastroenterology and Hepatology division.

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to assess treatment success through the incidence of achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) in patients served by the UR Specialty Pharmacy versus other nonintegrated pharmacies.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study in adult patients of URMC Gastroenterology and Hepatology prescribed hepatitis C treatment between January 1, 2014, and July 15, 2015.

The voltage-dependent anion channel, a major component of the tRNA import machinery in plant mitochondria.

In plants, as in most eukaryotic cells, import of nuclear-encoded cytosolic tRNAs is an essential process for mitochondrial biogenesis. Despite its broad occurrence, the mechanisms governing RNA transport into mitochondria are far less understood than protein import. This article demonstrates by Northwestern and gel-shift experiments that the plant mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) protein interacts with tRNA in vitro.

Dual targeting is the rule for organellar aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in Arabidopsis thaliana.

In plants, protein synthesis occurs in the cytosol, mitochondria, and plastids. Each compartment requires a full set of tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We have undertaken a systematic analysis of the targeting of organellar aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

Two exoribonucleases act sequentially to process mature 3'-ends of atp9 mRNAs in Arabidopsis mitochondria.

In plant mitochondria, transcription proceeds well beyond the region that will become mature 3' extremities of mRNAs, and the mechanisms of 3' maturation are largely unknown. Here, we show the involvement of two exoribonucleases, AtmtPNPase and AtmtRNaseII, in the 3' processing of atp9 mRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria. Down-regulation of AtmtPNPase results in the accumulation of pretranscripts of several times the size of mature atp9 mRNAs, indicating that 3' processing of these transcripts is performed mainly exonucleolytically by AtmtPNPase.

The anticodon and the D-domain sequences are essential determinants for plant cytosolic tRNA(Val) import into mitochondria.

In higher plants, one-third to one-half of the mitochondrial tRNAs are encoded in the nucleus and are imported into mitochondria. This process appears to be highly specific for some tRNAs, but the factors that interact with tRNAs before and/or during import, as well as the signals present on the tRNAs, still need to be identified. The rare experiments performed so far suggest that, besides the probable implication of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, at least one additional import factor and/or structural features shared by imported tRNAs must be involved in plant mitochondrial tRNA import.