Defect generation surrounding nanoparticles in a cross-linked hydrogel network.

A detailed understanding of polymer-nanoparticle interactions is a key element in demystifying the reinforcement mechanism for nanocomposites. To decouple the effects of the polymer-nanoparticle interactions from the particle distribution, we utilized polymerized crystalline colloidal arrays based on a thermosensitive hydrogel, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm). First, the hydrogel network structure in the vicinity of the nanoparticles was investigated by the deswelling behavior of particle-filled hydrogels.

[Clinical study of sparfloxacin, a new quinolone derivative, on urinary tract infection].

Sparfloxacin (SPFX) was evaluated for its clinical efficacy in 22 patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) and 51 with chronic complicated urinary tract infection (CC-UTI). SPFX was administered in a single oral daily dose of 100 mg for 3 days to the patients with AUC. According to the UTI criteria, the efficacy rate was 100% (excellent rate was 78.