Impact of mycoheterotrophy on the growth of Gentiana zollingeri (Gentianaceae), as suggested by size variation, morphology, and C abundance of flowering shoots.

Gentiana zollingeri is an annual photosynthetic plant that employs a mycoheterotrophic growth strategy during its underground seedling stage (initial mycoheterotrophy). Notably, the morphological characteristics of its flowering shoots, such as shoot size, leaf size, and leaf color, are highly variable, and it was hypothesized that these variations may be linked to nutritional mode. The morphological characteristics of G.

Prokaryotic and viral genomes recovered from 787 Japanese gut metagenomes revealed microbial features linked to diets, populations, and diseases.

We reconstructed 19,084 prokaryotic and 31,395 viral genomes from 787 Japanese gut metagenomes as Japanese metagenome-assembled genomes (JMAG) and Japanese Virus Database (JVD), which are large microbial genome datasets for a single population. Population-specific enrichment of the and β-porphyranase among the JMAG could derive from the Japanese traditional food natto (fermented soybeans) and nori (laver), respectively. Dairy-related and were nominally associated with the East Asian-specific missense variant rs671:G>A in , which was associated with dairy consumption.

CpG ODN (K3)-toll-like receptor 9 agonist-induces Th1-type immune response and enhances cytotoxic activity in advanced lung cancer patients: a phase I study.

Background: Cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) (K3)-a novel synthetic single-stranded DNA immune adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy-induces a potential Th1-type immune response against cancer cells. We conducted a phase I study of CpG ODN (K3) in patients with lung cancer to assess its safety and patients' immune responses.

Methods: The primary endpoint was the proportion of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) at each dose level.