High heterogeneity of cross-reactive immunoglobulins in multiple sclerosis presumes combining of B-cell epitopes for diagnostics: a case-control study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease triggered by a combination of genetic traits and external factors. Autoimmune nature of MS is proven by the identification of pathogenic T cells, but the role of autoantibody-producing B cells is less clear. A comprehensive understanding of the development of neuroinflammation and the identification of targeted autoantigens are crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Fast and efficient hard X-ray projection imaging below 10 nm resolution.

High-resolution X-ray imaging of noncrystalline objects is often achieved through the approach of scanning coherent diffractive imaging known as ptychography. The imaging resolution is usually limited by the scattering properties of the sample, where weak diffraction signals at the highest scattering angles compete with parasitic scattering. Here, we demonstrate that X-ray multilayer Laue lenses with a high numerical aperture (NA) can be used to create a strong reference beam that holographically boosts weak scattering from the sample over a large range of scattering angles, enabling high-resolution imaging that is tolerant of such background.

Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for Use in Gene Expression Studies in Rat Febrile Seizure Model.

The study of the pathogenesis of febrile seizures and their consequences frequently necessitates gene expression analysis. The primary methodology employed for such analysis is reverse transcription with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To ensure the accuracy of data obtained by RT-qPCR, it is crucial to utilize stably expressed reference genes.

PPARβ/δ Agonist GW0742 Modulates Microglial and Astroglial Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

The role of astroglial and microglial cells in the pathogenesis of epilepsy is currently under active investigation. It has been proposed that the activity of these cells may be regulated by the agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs). This study investigated the effects of a seven-day treatment with the PPAR β/δ agonist GW0742 (Fitorine, 5 mg/kg/day) on the behavior and gene expression of the astroglial and microglial proteins involved in the regulation of epileptogenesis in the rat brain within a lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).