Localization of alpha 2 receptors in ocular tissues.

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists are used for controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in the treatment of glaucoma. They have also been shown to be neuroprotective to retinal cells in a variety of injury models. Despite this significance, the localization of the three known alpha 2 adrenergic receptors has not been unequivocally established.

Efficacy and safety of memantine treatment for reduction of changes associated with experimental glaucoma in monkey, II: Structural measures.

Purpose: To determine, using anatomic measurements, whether daily oral dosing with memantine is both safe and effective to reduce the injury associated with experimental glaucoma in primates.

Methods: Argon laser treatment of the anterior chamber angle was used to induce chronic ocular hypertension (COHT) in the right eyes of 18 macaque monkeys. Nine animals were daily orally dosed with 4 mg/kg memantine while the other nine animals received vehicle only.

Müller cell response to laser-induced increase in intraocular pressure in rats.

The goal of this study was to investigate the reaction of the Müller cells to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP is one of the risk factors in glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. Müller cells play an important role in retinal homeostasis.

Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells by brimonidine in rats with laser-induced chronic ocular hypertension.

Purpose: To examine the neuroprotective effect of the alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist brimonidine in a chronic ocular hypertension model.

Methods: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated by laser photocoagulation of episcleral and limbal veins. Retinal ganglion cell loss was evaluated in wholemounted retinas.

Efficacy and safety of memantine, an NMDA-type open-channel blocker, for reduction of retinal injury associated with experimental glaucoma in rat and monkey.

Glutamatergic excitotoxicity has been implicated as a mechanism for injury in a variety of central nervous system pathologies, including glaucoma. Memantine, an NMDA-type glutamatergic open-channel blocker, has pharmacologic properties that make its efficacy greater under excitotoxic conditions, but lesser under normal conditions. Daily oral dosing for approximately 15 months with 4.