Hydrothermal Stability of Active Sites in Cu-Exchanged Small-Pore Zeolites for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO.

Combining operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and computational modelling shows unequivocally the distribution of active species in fresh and hydrothermally aged Cu-CHA and Cu-AEI zeolites during NH-assisted selective catalytic reduction of NO. Four principal species co-exist: (i) Cu cations coordinated to NH, (ii) Cu cations coordinated to the zeolite framework, (iii) solvated Cu cations, and (iv) framework-coordinated Cu species (Cu ) formed upon hydrothermal ageing of the zeolite sample. The Cu species were only observed in the hydrothermally aged zeolite samples and are formed upon the interaction of hydrated Cu cations with extra-framework Al (EFAl) generated during the hydrothermal treatment.

A salicylic acid-associated plant-microbe interaction attracts beneficial Flavobacterium sp. to the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere.

Both above- and below-ground parts of plants are constantly challenged with microbes and interact closely with them. Many plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, mostly interacting with the plant's root system, enhance the immunity of plants in a process described as induced systemic resistance (ISR). Here, we characterized local induced resistance (IR) triggered by the model PGPR Pseudomonas simiae WCS417r (WCS417) in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Oceanic and atmospheric anomalies associated with extreme precipitation events in China 1983-2020.

Observed synoptic anomalies in connection with China's extreme precipitation events/floods in the summers of 1982/83, 1997/98, 2010, 2014, 2015/16, and 2020 are studied. These events mainly occur within the middle and lower Yangtze basins. The dominant moisture source is the Northern Indian Ocean and the Southwestern Pacific Ocean of the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP).

modulates systemic immune signaling in .

Pectin- and hemicellulose-associated structures of plant cell walls participate in defense responses against pathogens of different parasitic lifestyles. The resulting immune responses incorporate phytohormone signaling components associated with salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). SA plays a pivotal role in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a form of induced resistance that - after a local immune stimulus - confers long-lasting, systemic protection against a broad range of biotrophic invaders.

Cell wall-localized BETA-XYLOSIDASE4 contributes to immunity of Arabidopsis against Botrytis cinerea.

Plant cell walls constitute physical barriers that restrict access of microbial pathogens to the contents of plant cells. The primary cell wall of multicellular plants predominantly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, and its composition can change upon stress. BETA-XYLOSIDASE4 (BXL4) belongs to a seven-member gene family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), one of which encodes a protein (BXL1) involved in cell wall remodeling.