The Effector Protease FgTPP1 Suppresses Immune Responses and Facilitates Fusarium Head Blight Disease.

Most plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to circumvent host immune responses, thereby promoting pathogen virulence. One such pathogen is the fungus , which causes Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease on wheat and barley. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that expresses many candidate effector proteins during early phases of the infection process, some of which are annotated as proteases.

A Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector alters the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton to promote bacterial virulence in plants.

Cellular responses to biotic stress frequently involve signaling pathways that are conserved across eukaryotes. These pathways include the cytoskeleton, a proteinaceous network that senses external cues at the cell surface and signals to interior cellular components. During biotic stress, dynamic cytoskeletal rearrangements serve as a platform from which early immune-associated processes are organized and activated.

Pilot study of topical ruxolitinib demonstrates efficacy and blunting of heterogeneous inflammatory processes in mild hidradenitis suppurativa.

Background: Therapeutic options for mild hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) represent a significant gap in the current treatment landscape, with no FDA approved therapies for early stage HS. Topical JAnus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are a compelling option due to the known upregulation of inflammatory JAK signaling in HS lesions and the recent success of systemic JAKi for moderate to severe HS.

Objectives: This is a pilot, single-site, open-label, prospective 24-week clinical trial with topical ruxolitinib (NCT04414514).