From bugs to brain: unravelling the GABA signalling networks in the brain-gut-microbiome axis.

Convergent data, across species, paint a compelling picture of the critical role of the gut and its resident microbiota in several brain functions and disorders. The chemicals mediating communication along these sophisticated highways of the brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) axis include both microbiota metabolites and classical neurotransmitters. Amongst the latter, GABA is fundamental to brain function where it mediates the majority of neuronal inhibition.

Mycotic aneurysm due to Magnusiomyces capitatus complicating a second liver transplant in a colonized patient.

This report presents an extremely rare case of fungal mycotic aneurysm due to Magnusiomyces capitatus in a 51-year-old immunocompromised woman. The diagnosis was based on multiple CT-scans and various samples positive for the pathogen identified by sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer region. Long-term treatment using caspofungin for previous candidemia would have promoted the dissemination of this intrinsically echinocandin-resistant fungus, from colonization sites in the lung and rectal areas.

A rare perspective: fine-needle aspiration cytologic features of hyaline vascular type of Castleman disease: A case report.

Rationale: Castleman disease, also known as Castleman syndrome, is a rare, nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disorder. The localized subtype of this disease is primarily the hyaline vascular type of Castleman disease (HVCD). Although this disease is a benign lesion, the histologic features are similar to those of some malignant lymphomas, so an accurate diagnosis of the disease is required.

Potential role of TWIST1 and its methylation in bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Background: Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), like other cancers, is strongly associated with genetic and epigenetic changes. TWIST1 is an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promoter that has been linked to the development of many malignancies. It is still unclear, however, what role TWIST1 plays in BLCA, and the relationship between TWIST1 transcript levels and its promoter methylation and immune infiltration has been reported even less.