Handling the sugar rush: the role of the renal proximal tubule.

Blood glucose homeostasis is critical to ensure the proper functioning of the human body. Through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and metabolism, much of this task falls to the kidneys. With a rise in glucose and other added sugars, there is an increased burden on this organ, mainly the proximal tubule, which is responsible for all glucose reabsorption.

The association between teat shape and clinical mastitis.

Conformational teat traits such as teat-barrel shape and teat-end shape have long been recognized as possible risk factors for elevated somatic cell count and clinical mastitis in dairy cows. However, the association between udder health and these teat traits is still under debate. Our objective with this ambidirectional cohort study was to investigate the relationship between teat shape and the occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy cows.

Effects of flow-responsive vacuum and pulsation with early attachment of the milking unit on teat tissue condition and milking performance in Holstein dairy cows.

The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of flow-responsive vacuum and pulsation, in conjunction with early attachment of the milking unit (TRT), on teat tissue conditions and milking characteristics in dairy cows. In a switchback trial, 5,235 Holstein cows milked 3 times daily in a rotary parlor were assigned to the TRT or control (CON) group. The trial lasted 84 d and comprised 4 alternating 3-wk periods of TRT and CON.

A randomized controlled trial to study the effect of supplemental premilking stimulation on milking performance, teat tissue condition, udder health, and well-being in dairy cows.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of supplemental premilking stimulation, provided after manual stimulation, by means of high-frequency pulsation without reduction of the vacuum in the pulsation chamber on milking performance, teat tissue condition, udder health, and well-being in dairy cows. In a randomized controlled trial, Holstein cows (n = 491) from 1 commercial dairy farm with a thrice-daily milking schedule were assigned to treatment and control groups over a 64-d period. Treatments consisted of a maximum of 20 s of pulsation stimulation at a pulsation rate of 100 (SPS100) or 300 (SPS300) cycles per minute and a pulsation ratio of 25:75.

The Association of Delayed Milk Ejection with Milking Performance in Holstein Cows in a Large Dairy Herd with Suboptimal Premilking Teat Stimulation.

The primary objective was to investigate the association between delayed milk ejection (DME) and the average milk flow rate, milking unit-on time, and duration in a low milk flow rate in Holstein dairy cows in a large dairy herd with suboptimal premilking teat stimulation. Our second objective was to study the association between peak lactation milk yield and the occurrence of DME. This longitudinal field study was conducted at a 4300-cow dairy farm with a thrice-daily milking schedule over a 1-week period.