Innovative multi-scale approach to study the phenotypic variation of seedling leaves in four weedy Amaranthus species.

Plant phenotyping on morpho-anatomical traits through image analysis, from microscope images to large-scale acquisitions through remote sensing, represents a low-invasive tool providing insight into physiological and structural trait variation, as well as plant-environment interactions. High phenotype diversity in the genus Amaranthus includes annual weed species with high invasiveness and impact on important summer crops, and nutritive grain or vegetable crops. Identification of morpho-anatomical leaf characters at very young stages across weedy amaranths could be useful for better understanding their performance in agroecosystems.

Adenosine-mediated immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease.

Extracellular ATP and its derivates mediate a signaling pathway that might be pharmacologically targeted to treat inflammatory conditions. Extracellular adenosine, the product of ATP hydrolysis by ectonucleotidase enzymes, plays a key role in halting inflammation while promoting immune tolerance. The rate-limiting ectoenzyme ENTPD1/CD39 and the ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 are the prototype members of the ectonucleotidase family, being responsible for ATP degradation into immunosuppressive adenosine.

Containing alien plants in coastal dunes: Evidence from a soil manipulation experiment.

Biological invasion is recognised as one of the major threats to biodiversity, particularly in disturbance-prone ecosystems such as costal dunes. Many studies have associated alien plant invasion of dune ecosystem to human disturbances, but less is known about the role of soil properties in invasion after disturbance. Soil properties are crucial filters during plant succession and soil-related changes in the initial stage of species colonization might shape the final success of the invaders.

Antifungal Drug Usage in European Neonatal Units: A Multicenter Weekly Point Prevalence Study.

Background: Data on antifungal prescribing in neonatal patients are limited to either single-center or single-country studies or to 1-day recording. Therefore, we assessed antifungal longitudinal usage in neonatal units (NUs) within Europe.

Methods: CALYPSO, a prospective weekly point prevalence study on antifungal drug usage in NUs in 18 hospitals (8 European countries), was conducted in 2020 during a 12-week period.