Modeling spectral sensitivity at low light levels based on mesopic visual performance.

The spectral sensitivity of the eye at low light levels, ie, mesopic conditions, is determined by the rod and cone photoreceptors of the retina operating together in varying degree as adaptation luminance shifts between the scotopic and photopic. Thus mesopic spectral sensitivity is different from photopic, where only cones contribute to vision. There are definite needs for a practical system of mesopic photometry to be used in assessing light at low light levels, especially in road and other outdoor lighting applications.

Retinotopic distribution of chromatic responses in human primary visual cortex.

In non-human primates at least three anatomically and functionally distinct channels convey signals from the retina to the primary visual cortex (V1). Two of these channels, the parvocellular and the koniocellular, are sensitive to chromatic contrasts and form the basis of color vision. In humans, common phylogenetic history with other primates and psychophysical experiments suggest identical retinocortical mechanisms but separate evaluation of the distinct anatomical channels has been difficult because signals are already combined in V1.

Plasma amino acids in term neonates after a feed of human milk or formula. II. Characteristic changes in individual amino acids.

Postprandial changes in plasma amino acids were studied in 23 term neonates who had previously been breast-fed ad libitum. As a test meal the infants received from a bottle a weight-based amount of banked human milk (true protein 0.8 g/100 ml) or formula with either 1.

Proteinuria in congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type.

The pattern of urinary protein excretion was followed for 2 to 19 months in 15 children with the congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. The duration of the disease and the renal histopathological changes were correlated with the urinary total protein and albumin excretion, the sieving coefficients of five proteins, the selectivity angle based on relative clearances of four proteins, and the excretion of beta-2-microglobulin. Total urinary protein excretion increased with time; in general, the proteinuria was of glomerular type and highly selective.