Challenges beyond reaching a 30% of area protection.

The Conference of the Parties of the signatories of the Convention on Biological Diversity agreed in 2022 to protect 30% of terrestrial and marine areas by 2030 (the "30 × 30" target). What challenges emerge or intensify once (if) this 30 × 30 goal is achieved globally? To help practitioners and researchers pre-empt and plan along the path towards 30% protected area (PA) coverage, we draw lessons from a sizable and biodiversity-rich region that has already hit the target on land. Based on experiences and research about PAs in Spain (36% of land and 12% of marine area protected), we identify, illustrate and discuss the socioeconomic and management challenges that emerge with a high proportion of a country's area protected, as well as possible strategies to address them.

Probiotic bacteria can modulate immune responses to paratuberculosis vaccination.

subsp. (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis (PTB), a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease that causes high economical losses in dairy livestock worldwide. Due to the absence of widely available preventive or therapeutical treatments, new alternative therapies are needed.

Whole-genome long-read sequencing to unveil antimicrobial resistance in dairy cattle farms exposed a widespread occurrence of .

() and () are major causes of multiresistant healthcare-associated or nosocomial infections. has been traditionally divided into clades A (healthcare associated) and B (community associated) but clade B has been recently reassigned to (). However, identification techniques do not routinely differentiate from .